Chapter 13

Transcript

Holy Father, we give you praise. We pause now at the beginning of this class, to thank you, to glorify you, to acknowledge that you are the one true and living God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. You are a creator, you are our redeemer. You have loved us, you have saved us, you have justified us through the resurrection of your son, the Lord Jesus. And we pray now as we study, Greek together, that we would see Jesus and glorify Jesus, even in the grammar and the syntax of the language you wrote, the new covenant, and we pray in the name of Christ and by the power of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Thank you. Okey dokey, folks. So today, chapter 13, which is page 141, if you want to flip that open in your book, we are going to talk about liquid herbs. Wow, who's pumped? Liquid verbs. What is a liquid verb? You may ask yourself, as were, embarking or continuing on this journey. A liquid verb. Let me put it in some context. So let's get back in, let's get in the DeLorean for a minute, and go back in time, not too far, just maybe a couple months, to when we finished talking about present indicative verbs. Remember, that was our first, the first verb, paradigms that we learned, the president indicative, luo, uh, OA, Amen, E, Dusi, and, and then after that, we learned about imperfect verbs, eluan, et cetera. And then after we looked at those two chapters, we talked about contract first. You guys remember contract first? Contract verbs, like, Avapo, where we have, uh, we have some contraction that goes on when the endings are added to the stem or the root, the lexical form, and then there was, remember, we had all those little rules we looked at about, um, how the how the vowels contract. number, egg head, plus egg head, equals egg head intelligence, all those different ones we looked at. So those were for President and Perfect. The contract verbs. The problem we had there, and the reason the contraction happened was because we had too many vowels. Remember? Those vowels had to shift and adjust, and it had to do with what was easier to say. You know, speaking. When we talk about liquid verbs, we have the opposite problem. We have too many consonants. And, uh, the consonants are being affected instead of the present and the imperfect, which produces the contract verbs, now, after we've learned the future, and the heirest, the, we have this problem of too many consonants, uh, and what's called, they're classified as liquid verbs. This is, when we say liquid verbs, this is a, you know, we have to understand, these are later, uh, classifications by linguistics, scholars, right? The, uh, Joe Schmoe on the streets of Rome in the 1st century wasn't thinking about liquid verbs. He was just speaking, right? So this is how we're classifying it. But liquid verbs, and here's our problem. The kids would like, the kids would like this. The problem is our sigma, right? That's what's being added in the future and the airest tenses, that's they're indicating that they were indicators in the middle of our words, that was being added in the future and in the heiress. But the sigma is gonna cause some problems when it comes up against these liquid consonants. What are liquid consonants? Lambda, moo, new, and row are the liquid consonants. Now let me start by saying this, too. I should have said this from the beginning. This is one of those chapters, just like with contract verbs, just like with the propositions. This is not for those who would be so inclined. This is not a heavy memorization chapter. This is one of those familiarity chapters. This is one of those, when I see it, I'm gonna notice something's off, and it's, I need to know why. Kind of checked chapters. Okay? So I don't think anybody is... I think we're past the point of anybody stressing out. on any of this stuff, but if you would be so inclined to stress out, don't stress out on chapter 13. Plus, we're over halfway, right? We celebrated that last week. Don't know how far we're gonna get, but we did, if nothing else, you can tell your grandchildren that you made it at least halfway through elementary Greek. Right. With... some nobody professor, right? Okay, so we got these, lick, and everyone, so you can use the bin? All right. Liquid consonants, lambda mu, nu, and row. Like, like, think of the word, um... I don't know if this has been in the vocabulary yet. But Menno. Meno has this new. I remain Meno. The new right here before the ending. So, um, whenever these, whenever we have a word that has a root that ends in one of these liquid consonants, they're going to be affected in the future in the air. We're only talking about the future and the airs. We're not talking about the present, we're not talking about the perfect. We are not talking about nouns. The reason this chapter follows are three chapters on the future and the heirest, is because this is only affected by the future and the heirest, because of that sigma. Okay, so, uh, Stephen Baugh has a Greek, um... I don't even think it's, like, a textbook. It's kind of like a workbook that goes through similar things that we're learning. I actually used Stephen Bos's book when I was in seminary, learning Greek, Stephen Bos teaches at Westminster, I think, in Philadelphia. Or California, maybe. One of them. But Rob Plummer, they hadn't finished this book yet that we're using. So we use that book. But he gives a helpful memory device for this, for these liquid consonants, lambda moo, new, and row, and it is thus, learn more nonsense rules. And that, I can tell you, at least at this point if you're actually taking the class for credit, you're actually feeling that way. You're like, Are we learning more nonsense rules? Yes, we We're Greek. Yes, we are, because we're learning a language. That's why, right? Also, take note. The bottom of page 141, footnote 2. I told you guys of my affinity for footnotes. Right. I'm a fan of footnotes. My wife loves to read even more than I do. Do you like footnotes? I do. She's a footnote. We're a footnote family. We are. Okay? We're not a house divided. I like footnotes. I told you, it's probably because when I headed to my dissertation, I was, you know, forced to do all that. So I can't say I was a footnote fan, I said, before that. But I am a footnote fan now, and in this footnote, in, uh, footnote two, um, by the way, footnotes are greater than end notes, in case anybody was wondering. Correct. Get that one for free. Correct. The queen bee has spoken. So, footnote two, he gives us the learn more nonsense rules from Bo, or, um, he says another way to remember this is the word mineral. And he says, If you watch the lecture, I don't remember him doing this when I had him, but he talks about, in class, what he'll do is, he'll bring in a can of mineral water. And when you open the can up, you know, just, like, when you open a butt, a diet Coke or can of whatever, and you hear that sound of the air escaping, and he says, That's, like, the sigma going away. The sigma has to leave. You remember mineral? If you've watched his lectures, you know that fits with his vibe, with his aura, right? Yes. I'm getting ahead of myself, but you put up an example there, and it does not have a sigma. No, it does not, yeah, because the sigma would be added, uh, if it was in the future or the heiress tents. So this is the present indicative. Okay. Present, active, indicative, of meno, which means I remain. And when the sigma is added, so, let's just thank you, brother, Jerry. Segway. Let's segue this. That was, uh, we called each other this morning. Mm hmm. about that. So, if we take what we've learned thus far... Right, from future, from heiress. And we look at a word like meno, and if we were to say, what is the future, what does the future of meno look like? Well, based on what we learned, we would say it is... Menso, right? Lousso, Lousse, Lousse, that's the future paradigm that we learned. We would, that that was best where our mind would go, or if we say, What is the heirest of Menno? We would say... It is immensa, right? That's what it should be in our minds. But it's not. Because this sigma cannot coexist with this liquid consonant. Why? Probably, uh, difficulty to pronounce, with a lot of words. And again, we talked about that last week. All people are speaking Greek as a 2nd language. A lot of them, right? There's a lot of evolution going on. And so regardless of the reason, and we can speculate or we can read on that, but regardless of the reason, to quote Rob Plummer. Right? That's what he always does. That is not, that's not how we're rolling. So, and that's the point, is that that's the reason why this chapter follows, you know, the future and the heirest is because that's what we would expect. And let's remember, let's remind ourselves, we reminded ourselves of this, uh, throughout our class so far, is that, um... we're not composing, right? I mean, you can do the exercises, maybe to try to develop your ability, your skill, but, uh, the Lord is not going to call upon you to write another book of the New Testament in Corne Greek, right? That's not gonna happen. If you think that's gonna happen, let's have a separate conversation. I can teach you about. We know it'll be in English. Yeah. Yeah. We'd see it, though. So, uh, we're not composing. What are we doing? We're trying to read. We're trying to translate, right? And so we're more, like, detectives who are seeing something and then trying to figure out, trying to deduce what's going on, right? That's the goal. So look at page 142. On page 142, at the very bottom, we have this paradigm for the future tense of menno. And when you look at it, initially, you're like, that's the present indicative. Like, it's the same thing. And it looks very similar, hence the need for this chapter to explain what's going on. Right? But in actuality, the... Here, let's erase. No, it's not like I said. The... Present indicative of meno is this, the future indicative of meno, is that. What's the difference? When you look at the two of them, you know, like, when the kids have those things, like, spot the difference and the pictures, spot the difference. What is it? It's the accent mark, right? The present tense has the acute, the future tense has the certain flex. Now, if your memory toward the beginning of class, when I told you that accent marks don't matter, and don't worry about them, And they didn't exist in the original... Right. So they would have been identical. Identical, identical. So how would they know it was liquid when they're identical? Good question. What do you guys think? How do you know? Contexting. Context, context, context, context. Now, we do praise the Lord because, well, because of everything. right? But in this particular instance, we praise the Lord, because in his providence, at a certain point in time in church history after the New Testament was already written, some very kind Greek scribes said, We need to add something for people who don't know Greeks, so that they can tell what's going on. And so they added these accent marks for us. Now, that being said, we remember, we must know as good Bible students, Bible scholars, as good theologians, as good linguists, who believe in the inspiration of the Bible and the inerrancy of the Bible, that those accent marks are not inspired. They're not. Now, this is deep down in the weeds kind of thing that you're only gonna think about and deal with if you're actually doing Greek or trying to read and translate. But it is true. Um, we, some, that's why sometimes there are certain passages that there's disputes among, you know, scholars and whatever else. And the whole discipline of textual criticism, you know, deals with this kind of thing. And so this is where the practice of humility, 1st and foremost, even in our translation work, is to understand that, um... Uh, number one, we have to be humbled in the reality that God's given us his word, but also that through the course of human history, change of cultures, change of languages, like God's preserved his word, but, um, we approach, hey, Anna, come on in. I'm sorry. We approach our Bible reading, especially translating, with humility and some fear intrepidation of, we gotta be careful whether we're preaching, or teaching, or even just in a conversation with someone, to say, thus says the Lord, right? We should not be so flippant in what, in what we prescribe to people unless we are 100% sure that this is what God says, right? And to give you an extreme example, you have people who are KJV only, right? Have you guys, you know, anyone, you bumped into any KJV only people? Um, and they, some of them, especially real extreme King James version, only people will make audacious claims, like, like, the 1611 is inspired by God, and that the 1611 King James corrects the Hebrew and the Greek. And, you know, so it can get wild. And then, so that's why this is a good reminder for us, even as we're talking about accents, in the coin a Greek language and translation of humility before the Word of God. The word of God stands as the rule for all of us in life and faith, but we want to be careful. We want to be sure that we're not being legalistic, that we're not being Pharisees, that we're not imposing, trying to impose on ourselves or on other people, that which the Word of God is not clearly revealing to us. Yes, Jerry. But then, just a question about the pronunciation, would it still be in this example, Men, Men, or with the accent? Does that tell you that you should pronounce it as if there was a sigma in there? No, you do not pronounce it the segma. Save us out. Okay. Sigma is... He's not allowed. Yeah. Okay. The liquid verbs, sigmas getting the boot. He is not welcome. Okay, as if it were never there, and... Yes. Never should be. Yes. It's very discriminatory. Okay. I guess the cinema. It is. Yeah, but you know what? They didn't care. They were like, this, especially in Menno, is just one example, obviously, of all the different words that could have the root letter, but, uh, they, um, if it was difficult to pronounce, again, especially with Greek second language people, which was very, very common, because Greek was the language of, uh, the language of the culture. for business. And it's kind of like the common language, but everybody else has all these other languages. they're speaking to. So, they were gonna make it as easy as possible, themselves, to be able to speak to us. I think you said before that, when they originally wrote the New Testament, Riki was all capital letters, right? I would have known nothing, no spaces, nothing. So how do they, you know, they just kind of evolved into this, you know, or did they have these rules back then? Well, this is us, Julian. This is us trying to figure it out. These rules back then were just inherent, right? It was, like, one of those things where they just knew it. When you when you teach a language, like, you know, kids learn how to talk about, you know, grammar school, and you learn, you know, set this diagram, and all that stuff, you know. So that, you know, the new fences of our language, right? So this is kind of what this does to their language. That's what this is doing. Yeah absolutely. They, they, they were used to it. They intuitively knew it. So all those letters, or any of the documents written in all caps, no spaces, no punctuation, no accent marks. They knew how to read that. That's how they read everything. And they knew where to take, like, rough or, you know, like, stop, and... Well, we know as well, if you were to take any writing and eliminate the spaces, it is highly likely you could read it, because you're familiar with the words. Yeah. It's the same when we speak. You ever listen to yourself? We're talking through. We don't pause between words when we're talking. But yet we recognize that, to the reader of Greek or any other language, if you're used to what those words are, the spaces, in theory, are unnecessary. Right. Especially people who talk really fast. Yeah, I was gonna say, too, like, website, website addresses? Don't have spaces. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So it's like we're used to that. you know, life. No, they ask only a semi-related question. This should have been in our very 1st class. Oh, you're behind. About Sigma. Yeah. It's the only letter that has, that is scripted two different ways. Why? Yeah. Or not only why, maybe I should say, how was that, how did people outside of Greek discovered, oh, these are the same letter? Yeah. Yeah, I don't know, honestly. Okay. Just, I mean, probably the way that people would learn anything else. Okay. You know, but in language or letters, I'm not sure. That's a good question, but it is. It is the only one that has the two forms. It needed a final form, I guess. Hebrew has multiple letters that are like that, by the way. If they're at the end of the word, they look a little different. So, yeah, I don't know. Okay, that's an answer for now. It's a good question. Ignorance is bliss. There we go. I can take that. If you guys look on page 142, um, they're above the paragraph that's above the paradigm. You can see, uh, he gives, uh, an, uh, morphological explanation for what's going on, a more detail, that really what's happening when we have, uh, this sigma added to these words, um, these liquid words, liquid verbs, or liquid consonants, that we actually have in epsilon, sigma that's added, because of the liquid consonant, and then you look over to the next arrow. That's what it looks like. But the problem is, apparently, when the sigma is between two vowels, that's a problem as well. Apparently, then there's too many vowels there, too. And so the sigmas kicked out, the vowels contract, and that's why we end up with basically a contract, you know, similar to the contract verbs. But for our purposes, as plumber would say for our pedagogical purposes, all we need to know is that the sigma gets the boot because of the liquid consonants. So you can see the paradigm at the bottom of 142. It's the same as the present, with the accent being the only difference there. And then, if you look at the top of page 143, he, we got the, he compares and contrasts the present active of meno with the future active. And in four of the six forms, the only difference is the circumflux accent. Notice in the future, active, uh, list of meno, that the, um... that the first person plural is different instead of men Amen in the present, it's menumen, because of how those vowels contract. And also the second person plural is different as well. There's an yoda in there. Menete and Menete. But besides that, besides those two, they're all exactly the same without the surfing flux, right? Um, any... Oh, we should also know, too, don't want to forget this, that one other thing will happen as well. So we have these... these, uh, words, like menno, that we're looking at that follow this, um, follow this, uh, rhythm or this, uh... where to look for, like, they have this, uh, this, uh, form, or they have this consistent, I don't know. Pattern? P pattern. Thank you. pattern. I need my ladies here to help me out. Pattern, yes, it's a consistent pattern. But there are, um, two other things that can happen. There's words, um, like, let's see here, what does he use? Like, uh, arrow. So if you're looking at that paragraph smack dab in the middle of cage 143, a word like arrow... Or, what's the lambda one he uses, BOLO? That's a good one, too. Paulo, so these are the present active indicative forms of these words, and when they're in the future, or the heirest, because we have these liquid consonants here, what's gonna happen is the yoda, or the, um... Lambda is just gonna drop out. Pardon my handwriting. And, of course, with the circumflux. Um, why? So that they know it's different. So that, so that they know its future, instead of present. That's why. And so, again... we're not composing it. We're seeing it, and we need to figure out why it looks different, right? So this is, again, this is one of those recognition chapters, not a memorization chapter, but a recognition chapter. Any questions about the future? Not the future in general. The future tends to get like we lose. You have to take it up with the Lord, if you have any questions about the future. Okay. So, then, let's talk about the heiress now, because it's not just the future that's affected, it's also the heir's ten cents effective. Why? Because the aorist has that sigma inserted in it as well? And what is the sigma? What is the sigma signifying to us? The sigma is signifying to us... the, um... verbal aspect of the tenses, right? Remember, we've talked about verbal aspect a lot. So in the future, and in the heirest, the verbal aspect is perfective or holistic, right? It's looking at the whatever is happening as a whole. In contrast with the present or the imperfect, which have an imperfective or progressive verbal aspect, which means that those verbs are highlighting the action as it's happening, with no consideration of what happens before or after. Right? So that sigma is signifying to us holistic or perfective verbal aspect. That's why it's the future and the airs. They both have that tense form, or that verbal aspect, just like the epsilon augment at the beginning of the imperfect, or the heiress verbs indicate to us past tense, right? We can see how, remember how we talked about, in Greek, their how much more compact, their languages, that the verbs and the nouns do multiple jobs, that they indicate to us, the person, is the first person, second person, third person, all these kinds of things. In English, we need multiple words in Greek, they can just use one word. Same with Hebrew, by the way. But we also have these indicators of the verbal aspect, of the tense, or the tense form. The sigma is pointing us to the fact that they're holistic. It's like saying, uh, it's like saying, uh, you know, if I'm telling a story, and I say, I took a walk, and, you know, and this was going on, and that was going on, and, and I am not really interested in, like, describing to you the nature of the walk. I'm just, like, that's what was happening, right? In the setting, versus, like, you know, while I'm walking, my foot hurts, you know? It's like the emphasis is on the, like, with no consideration of before or after, just while I'm walking. And the scripture, obviously, has a lot of those different emphases, right? And that's part of why being able to be familiar with Greek can show you, um, those those details, those emphases that the English cannot always translate perfectly. Right? A lot of times, the imperfect is translated just like the heirest. It fits a past tense. But we don't know the particular emphasis of the verbal aspect. So, that's what the sigma's there. But with these liquid verbs, Satan's got to be dealt with. They are non sigma fans. We've just, like, you know, I think I feel like these liquid verbs feel like sigma the same way we feel like our kids sang sigma all the time. You know, we're six, seven or whatever. stupid things that they say. Did I tell you guys I'd make them be pushing, when they say six, seven? Yeah, I was just telling Nancy, you know, Sarah about that. Was that even mean anyway? I never understood. It just an exclamation. Nobody knows. No, I'm not saying... It's just an explodation. Okay. saw. What is this speaking like? It's just an explanation. It's like, you know, back in the day, they said 23 skidoo. Okay, it's not bad. Yeah. He never six. I've heard of that. Oh, you're so blessed. You're so blessed, Anna. Kids are always making up phrases that are only meaningful to them themselves. And once the rest of the population figures it out, they move on to a new one. I heard, what did I hear? The Riz? Yeah, there's a lot of them. That's another one that basically just says, oh, that's cool. All right, so now let's talk about the aorist, because, again, it's not just the future that's affected by this. It's also the air. So let's look at 13.4 on page 143. Um, and here's the big difference. So with the, um, with the future, uh, basically, what we did is we replaced the sigma with an epsilon, because if the sigma's not allowed, but the Greek language is also, like, I'm not allowing the sigma in, but you gotta give me something else instead, right? Because nothing, nothing is free. in the world. Just salvation through Jesus. Everything else, you know, you pay cash, right? What's the old saying, and God, we trust all of this fake cash? So the Greek language is like, I'm not taking your Sigma. It's not allowed here. But I'm gonna need you to give me something else. So, in the future, we traded it for an epsilon. We talked about the actual process of what's going on, but that doesn't matter. because we're not composing Greek, and we're not morphologists. Unless you want to be one, in which case Godspeed, I am not a morphologist. So we replaced the sigma with an epsilon. But in the air's tense, we're gonna do something a little different here. Instead of replacing the sigma with an epsilon, the sigma is dropped, and that vowel is going to lengthen. And what does that mean when vowels lengthen? You can look at that paragraph right there. The epsilon, if there's an epsilon, it's gonna lengthen to epsilon, Ioda. If there's an alpha, it's gonna lengthen to an Ada. If there is an omicron to omega, I'm assuming, yeah, omicron to omega. That's not a sigma, that's an omicron. Um, and then he also says a short ioda to a long ioda, but that doesn't matter to us, right? Because it's gonna look the same on the page. So these are the three that are worth noting. Instead of trading, this is for the heirest. Instead of trading the sigma for an epsilon, we're going to drop the sigma, and these vowels are going to lengthen. It's what we call compensatory lengthening. We got to compensate, uh, if there's not gonna be a sigma there, something's gotta happen. You know, it's kind of like a seesaw. You got to level the weights. Scripture says we need just weights, right? So even in our language, we need to, if we're not given the sigma because of these liquid consonants, then we need to compensate. Compensatory lengthening. So... Menno... in the heirest... is... Um... It may now, and that paradigm, I think, is on the next page. You want to look at it. Top of 144. It may not. Now, what do we notice here? For this is for the heirest, remember, versus the meno with the circumflux. So this is the future tense. And we know we know what's going on here now, right? The sigma has, the sigma's not allowed, and we're basically adding the circumflux to indicate that to us. That's the simple way to think about it, and that's good enough for me. This is the future tense. This is the heiress tense. What do we recognize? Well, we have that epsilon augment, right? We've noticed that in the imperfect. We've seen it in the Eris. That's indicating to us past tense. Verbal, or tense, or tense form in Greek, is... does not consider time the same way that English does. Yeah, we do. We've rehearsed this a lot. English, the English language, and our culture in general, is obsessed with time. The Greek people were not obsessed with time, and the Greek language. So time is a factor when we say tense, our English brains always think of time, past tense, future tense, present tense. In Greek, time can be, and is, a consideration only in the indicative mood. right? We haven't talked about other moods yet, but time is completely out the window. When we get to those other moods. We don't care about time anymore. We're not even gonna think about it. It's a small consideration, but verbal aspect is the emphasis. Everything we just talked about, holistic, you know, perfective, imperfective. That augment is indicating to us past tense. So this is one of those situations where that little itty bitty time is a consideration. In the indicative mood. Imperfect and heiress, past tense. What else do we recognize? Well, we have this alpha ending, and remember, with the heiress, like, the heiress indicative, that we talked about two weeks ago, not the second heiress, but the first heiress, I guess you could go on. The Aristin indicative, uh, Elusa, Elu, Sasa, Se, Salmon, Seda, Susan, is that right? I need to brush up on my air's paradigm, don't I? Not to waste time, but I told you guys the story, but when I was in group class at Boyce, and he's writing words on the press, professor, Barry Jocelyn, is writing words on the board, and we're sitting, and he's like. Just like how you guys are, and he'd be like, okay, Pete, parse this, parse this word, Gabby, parse this word, Mike, you know, he's going around class. doing it. And I can't remember which, you know, chapter we were on or whatever. And I was ill prepared. I was ill prepared and so he says you know. Alex, first this word. And I'm like, you know, heiress, active, indicative. You know, I'm like, I'm just like shot in the dark. And he's like, I think this is indicative that somebody needs to study their group in front of the whole class. That one has stuck with me. Anyway, we're not gonna do that because I love y'all too much. But that alpha ending, alpha, if you see an alpha ending, at least thus far, alpha equals arist. Remember that? That's easier. Air starts with A, alpha equals Aris. So we're familiar with that, augment. We're familiar with the ending, at least, we know that the heiress ends in an alpha, and then what we have here in the middle, what we have our root, or stem, and what happened here, that epsilon lengthened, compensatory lengthening, Why did it lengthen? Because the sigma was not allowed. Sigma is not allowed in the minerals. In the learn more nonsense rules. Sigma gets the duke boot, only applies to future, only applies to heiress, only those two. And so something's got to happen. You gotta compensate for that sigma, not being welcome, and that is that epsilon is lengthened. And then if you look at the paradigm, that's exactly what we see all the way through. Um... Uh... Emaina, Emainas, Emainen, MA Namen, Amenate, Emainan. There you go, I remain, you remain. He, she, it remained. et cetera. That's what's happening. That's why it looks like that. Same with the heiress as it was with the future also, that Ioda, or that, uh, the double lambda, uh, they will be affected as well. Look at the, look at the, that bottom paragraph on 143. You can see Avangelo, that word, Avangela. Up in yellow becomes Abengela. And what else do we notice about that? So let me write these on the board just so everyone can see it. A bingo. I keep writing a lie for my gambler. I think my marker's right out a little bit. Did I write that right? I don't want to lead you astray. I want to be the blind, lead and blind here. Yeah, that's right. Okay. So what do we notice about this? We noticed that lamb dropped. Remember we talked about the lambda? It's gonna drop. Why is it dropping to let us know that it's different? Also, um, we notice the compensatory, lengthening, uh, there, and notice, lengthening here. That alpha becomes an Ada, and it doesn't happen at the beginning of the word why, because this... is a prepositional prefix. Remember, Appa, when we were talking about prepositions, I know that wasn't a memorized chapter, that was recognized, but if you can draw back on your memory, Appa is a preposition. And so what's happening here is that proposition is getting married to a word. They're becoming one flesh verbally, and it's a new word. And so, when there's lengthening, though, it's not going to be on that prepositional prefix. It's gonna be on the beginning of the root. And Angelo, or Angelos, you know, Messenger, Angel. So that that's kind of how that's all working together, but the point is that with the future and with the heiress tents, the sigma's causing trouble. Okay? What's the bottom line here? The sigmas causing trouble. The liquid verbs with the liquid consonants, the minerals, the learn more nonsense rules. They don't like it. And they're not gonna stand for it. And so there's gonna be some changes around here. basically. And if and when you are reading slash translating, a Greek New Testament, you're gonna come across this word, and you're gonna be like, This looks familiar, but it doesn't look the way, you know, if you know your vocabulary, and you know the word a bangalow, you're gonna be like, well, this looks weird, and that's what's going on here. Right? Again, the point is to know how to be a good detective, whether to figure it out. My beautiful wife over there always tries. I empathize to try, because we don't feel like we're doing a very good job. But we're trying to train our children, to disciple our children, and this is a big emphasis from her, and she's very wise. That the most important life skill they can have is to learn how to figure it out. Whatever the situation is, to be able to figure it out, to know who do I need to talk to, what do I need to look this up? What do I need to do? We can't memorize everything, right? In all of our, whatever your job is, whatever your skills, your hobbies are, we can't, we're not omniscient. So what's the most important, like, just kind of practical skill is, okay, how do I figure this out? Where do I get the info? What would I talk to you? What I need to do? And so for reading Greek, translating Greek, like there are some things that if you don't have them memorized, it's just gonna become painfully laborious. Right? Like, if you don't, if you don't know, Luo is present, tense. You know, if you don't know 1st declension, like if that's not something that you just kind of know or your vocabulary, you're really, you're gonna look everything up. It's gonna take forever. You can do it. You can do it, but it's gonna be very time intensive. If you give yourself to the things that are important to memorize, and then things like this that are recognition, because you can't know everything, Greek professors, Greek scholars don't know everything. They're not God, right? There are things like this that we have to, okay, how do I figure this out? What looks familiar to me? Where do I think I need to go? He gives this helpful summary of liquid forms here on page 144, 13.5, where he shows the liquid verb in the first line, the first list, the future, and the heiress, all together, very common liquid verbs, and you can see the differences. And so, if you're depending on your level of interest and how you're, you know, studying Greek, and, you know, if you're super into it, I would recommend just kind of, like, spending some time familiarizing yourself with this, looking at them, seeing if you can tell what's the difference is, and, you know, you know, what's going on. But again, your job will never be to compose Greek, right? Our job is to see it and to discern or figure out what's going on. Any questions about liquid verbs? Future errors. No? Okay, woo, we are cooking today. It's 10 20. Let me read the vocab to you, and then, uh, we'll hit it. Okay, I own, or Ionias. When you see that like that, we haven't got this far yet, but I own, and it says dash, onas. You gotta see that, top of the vocab list. That's telling you that the nominative is I own, and the genitive is Ionias. And there's gonna be a different paradigm, where we'll learn that in the future, but just if you're looking at this just so you know, I own or I only ask me to eternity or age or world, where we get the word eon, on air, or Andras Andras is the genitive, means man or husband. Um, our, our key rus, our, our key rus is high priest, Basalus is king, pater, patras is the genitive, means father, or ancestor. It's where we get the word patriarch. Or patristics. Gune, Guneikas is woman or wife, like the word gynecology. A lot of scriptures that have debates about husbands and wives or women, deacons or all this kind of stuff. It has to do with this work, 'cause it means wife or woman, depending on the context. Mater, or Maitras, means mother, matriarch. Pistis, or pistuos, means faith, or trust. I'm sure you guys fired the word pistis before, faith. Poly, Serpaleos is city or town, like metropolitan. Sarks or Sarkos is flesh body, mortal nature. Karis, or karitas, is grace, or thanks. Ethnos, or Ethnos, is the genitive, means nation, or people, or Gentiles, like the word ethnic. Anima, or animatas, is name, Penuma, or Penumatas, is spirit, or wind, or breath. Soma, somatas, body. And you, brothers, you guys have seen, there's, like, massage, spas or whatever called soma, you know, in its body. So anyway, that's the vocab for this week. Everybody good? Heart's all settled for today. We did some good work on liquid verbs. Uh, Brother Pete, will you close this in prayer? Yes. Heavenly Father, we come to you, Lord. Thank you for just being able to come here and being able to worship your holy name. Amen. Free country. Father, we pray for our brothers and sisters around the world or if you persecuted, who are suffering and dying. Be with them, Lord, Lord, bless appreciate you today. Maybe apply into our hearts or our minds. throughout this week. Lord, we bless your holy name and ask for these things in the name of your son. Amen. Amen. Thank you, brother. Love you all.