Chapter 11

Transcript

You started it? Good morning, teacher. Good morning. I forgot my book. Oh, no. See boxes right now. I'm sorry. Yeah, well, that's a, that's a, I guess if you're gonna, that's as good of excuse as any, right? You guys moved yesterday and you just moved yesterday. Yeah. Some news some news for the shampoos in like manner. We are going to be moving to Clinton Township next month. Cool Oh, wow. We've, uh, found a ranch that won't be so bad on Sue's knees. Yeah, that's a good thing. On the other side of that, Sue is having her other knee replaced tomorrow. Yeah. Okay. So do be in prayer. for her. We will. The doctor, I'm sure, will do a great job again, but, uh, based on the other me last year, the first two weeks is gonna be miserable. Yeah. I've heard kneezer. That's a tough recovery. Yeah, I got a bull. Thanks, the first two weeks. Yeah. Yeah. After that, it's not good. But then, it's uncomfortable for... Yeah. You know, community. Good morning, brother. How are you? Good, how are you? Doing great. Doing great. He's crazy. Can you pray for Sheila, her father passed away on Friday? Oh, he had Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. was kind of expected, you know? her family, you know, just her comfortable stuff. Absolutely. How old was he? 89, man. Yeah. Yeah, my mom's got it to Alzheimer's, you know, doing herself. She's 90. Yeah, she can, you know. Hey, man. 90's a good run. you know? Yeah. Like, that's, that's, you know, I don't, I don't anticipate making it that far. So for those who do, it's impressive. Yeah, I agree. It's impressive. Every day is impressive. Yeah, absolutely. All right. Well, we will we will pray for those things. And also Steve Watts, if you guys know Steve Watts, he had some kind of surgery on his knee. that he needed to have. And I don't know all the details. I know he had the surgery, I think, Friday, and, uh, he said, uh, he's feeling really, really uncomfortable about what he would imagine. Yeah. and I don't I don't know exactly. Do you know what it was? I can't remember. I remember he brought it up. I can't remember exactly what it was. Yeah, yeah. I know it was a throat surgery. Yeah, so pray for him, pray for Sheila and her family. Pray for her. Sue, tomorrow, Jerry, you said she's having it? Yep. Yep. Tomorrow. Yep. good. Right? First thing in the morning, first thing in the morning. All right. Well, yeah, let's just open up with prayer. And we'll pray for those things, and then we'll get started. Father in heaven, we give you praise for another day, for another week, another Sunday together. to worship your son, who died and rose again for our sins and for eternal life, and we offer these prayer requests up for you now. We pray for Sheila. as she lost her father. We pray for the family, for comfort, and peace. We pray for Steve as he's recovering from his surgery, Lord, that you would give him healing, we pray for Sue tomorrow, is she prepares to have her knee replacement? Lord, that everything would go well, that you would give her healing, pray for the Jaboris as they are just moved. Pray for the shampoos as they prepare to move, and Lord, we ask your blessing on this class today. We pray for your glory and for our good in the name of Jesus and by the power of the Spirit. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Alrighty, class. I heard you two talking a little as I was putting my book down. How is everyone feeling right now? Not just in terms of class, but for those of us who are, you know, trying to do some stuff at home, are you, are you, uh, doing any exercises, or you, you know, how's that going? Anybody want to share an update on how they're feeling? You go first. No, I'm, I'm, uh, yeah, I'm just going along for the ride and, you know, just taking in what I can take in and uh, same here. And I was I was listening to what John MacArthur the other day and he was talking about intensifying pronouns and this and that. I understood what he's talking about. Yeah, it was kind of cool. Yeah. That's that is cool. That's really cool. Yeah, I would say that too. Like, just, it's super, yeah, brother and I were talking. was just saying super encouraging. Just like a year ago, like I read the Puritan book and now I come across like, was it Greek words? I'm like, I can, I don't know how I pronounce it, but like, I'm like, oh, I can sound it out. And I know I can, you know, the alphabet and get an understanding of it. You know, I couldn't do that a year ago. So it's that's super encouraging, you know? So it's, it's, it's all good. Yeah, good. Any any little degree that you can, you know, learn and grow from from the extremes of, on one end, you know, someone being able to sit down and translate the New Testament, which would ultimately be the goal, right? But even at the very beginning, if it's like, okay, I'm reading something or I'm hearing a sermon, and there's something that I understand better than I would have otherwise. Right? That's a good starting place. Yeah. And then anything in between. So that's encouraging. encouraging that there is some level of encouragement, right? Some level. All right, so last week we talked about the future tests. This week, we're gonna talk about some more verbs. We're gonna talk about the heiress sets. Have you guys ever heard that word before? The heiress? Maybe someone preaching or reading about something? Yeah, the heiress, tense, heiress, this word comes from the Greek word. which means undefined, or without boundaries, or indefinite, and the heiress tense is really, when we think about this, these tents, or these tense forms, remember, we kind of had this chart, we talked about before, where we had the present tense, We think about it in terms of time, like how we English speakers like to think of things, the present tense was luo, was the active form. Luo Mai was the middle passive form, and then we learned the imperfect, which we know is, in terms of time, is past tense, because we have this augment at the beginning, Eluan, or Eluamatha, and then we had the future tense. Does anybody remember what the future, tense, active form would be for luo? Luso, remember, we had that sigma, that sigma in there that's indicating to us the future tense, no augment, and the future looked at events, in the future, obviously, as a whole, versus, remember, we had the present and the imperfect. Um, What we're talking about here, by the way, remember, is verbal aspect. When we're thinking about verbs, we've reviewed this a lot, so hopefully this makes sense. When we talk about birds in Greek, tenses, time is a factor. in the indicative. We've only learned indicative verbs so far, right? That's the mood. Indicative is the mood. Time is a consideration only in the indicative, but verbal aspect is really what's being communicated here. So for the present tense, for the imperfect tense, we have this, what's called imperfective aspect. Basically, we're viewing the action as it's happening, with no regard for what happened before, for what happened after. That was true of the imperfect, as well. No regard for before or after. The future tense, we were looking, when the future is used, it's not necessarily emphasizing the action as it's happening, but just that the action will happen. More of a holistic, instead of, like, a progressive view or an imperfective view, as it's called, this is a perfective view or a holistic view. Does anybody have any questions so far about that? I know we've talked about verbal aspect a lot, try to hit this home because our minds, when we think of tenses or time, but once they go to time, but really, the aspect of it is what's being emphasized. So, the heiress tenants is similar to the future, and that it's holistic, but it is, um... what we would think of as past tense. Now, it's nuanced. It's not only gonna be a past tense, or we're not, it's not only gonna be translated in the past tense, but the heiress, if we want to think about it for time, in the indicative, it's going to be, we're gonna be have the same kind of thing as the future only it's gonna be past tense. All right? So that was, that's kind of more bird's eye, more theoretical, but we've talked about this all along the way. does that make sense for what, for what you understand, about tenses? We're talking about... not the, not the mood. We've only learned the indicative move. So just like all of this has been indicative, the present active form is luo. I am Lucy, or Blue of mine. I am losing for myself, or I am being loosed, right? Middle or passive? Imperfect. Uh, I was losing, or I was being loosed, or I was loosing for myself. The future text, Luso, I will lose, or, remember we had in the middle, paradigm, and the, there's three different paradigms for the perfect. The heiress is, what we were gonna talk about today, is... we're originally gonna just translate this as past tense, as we're getting started here. So I loosed, or I loosed for myself, or I was being loosed. That makes sense? Mm hmm. And so that's, in terms of time, we're thinking past tense. But in terms of verbal aspect, Aris is not like the imperfect. That's viewing just the action as it's happening. with no regard for the beginning or the end. It's not like the present. It's more like the future, we're viewing the action as a whole. Something that happened at some point, we're not necessarily thinking about the details. We just thinking about the action holistically. Okay? We're all good on that? Mm hmm. Now. Yeah. As good as we're going to be? Right. Yeah. I was in past and future. at the same time. Well, it's not. This is the future. Luso. Okay. What we're gonna talk about today is past tense. We're talking about something different now. Mm hmm. I'm just saying it's similar in the verbal aspect. Oh, okay, okay. The heiress and the future have a similar verbal aspect, just like the present and the imperfect have a similar verbal. I was afraid we were gonna get in the temporal mechanics here. No. No, I don't know anything about that, so, uh, I would be of no use to any of you. Um, All right, well, we're on chapter 11, so page 117. Um, Actually, let's let's just go ahead and go to page 118. And, uh, we'll notice that he gives us a couple, like I said, of examples of the nuances of how the heorist is used, uh, on page 118, but this is kind of a more detailed, uh, more, um, intermediate level understanding. We need to at least get started here with understanding just the heiress in general. So we're gonna think about it as past tense. Like I said. So if you look at the paradigms on page 119, we see first the heirest activ indicative. These paradigms, the way they look, should look familiar to us, right? This is how all the verb paradigms have looked so far. With the first person, second, person, third person, with the singular and with the plural. And so what do we notice about the aorist active? Let's get started there with the Airest Active that we've noticed before. So it's our form, or lexical form, is Elusa. What looks familiar to us that we've already learned in all of our studies of verbs? You try to get this set here. Okay. Well, let's think about it. So we're still working with Luo, our route, or our stem, right? That looks familiar to us. We got the loo. Um, we've seen this off man before. Remember, with the imperfect? The epsilon at the beginning, which is indicating to us past tense, and we've seen the signal before, too, haven't we? Interest. In the future, who's so? That sigma being inserted there, that sigma probably is indicating to us the holistic perspective. Don't know for sure in the evolution of their language, but it is similar with the heiress and with the future. Lousseau, future, I will lose, Elusa, Eris, I loosed. So these are three, you know, elements of this verb that we have seen before, and then, of course, we have a different ending. So, this is, uh, how we know the indicator to us that we're in the Aris tents. We have the augment, the epsilon, on the beginning, and we have the sigma there. And if you notice in the paradigm, first person, Elusa, I loost, second person, Elusas, U loost, third person, Elusan, he, she, it, loost, first person plural, Elusamen, we loosed, elusate, u loosed, and Elusan, they loosed. We notice some similarities in the whole paradigm, don't we? Ahmed, that first person plural, we've seen that a lot. The satay, in the second person plural, looks familiar. So there's a lot of things, a lot of cues for us, things that we've seen before, that are making this not completely new territory, right? Completely unfamiliar. And there is that mentioned before the song, He's got a song. I think it's the Buddy Holly song, and I can't remember what the song is called, but they have a, for all of the verb form endings, like the present is one song that has the present, the imperfect, the future, the heiress, and even the perfect that we haven't even learned yet. So if that's helpful to you for memorization, some people just like rope memorization, right? Like, write it out, Elusa, Elusa, Elusan, Elusan, Elusan. Some for some people, the song is helpful. You know, something like that. that helps you remember all the endings of the paradigm. So, that makes sense in light of everything that we've talked about already. Again, similar, similar thing. We're learning what the heorist is, and then what it looks like. First, that's the active paradigm. The aorist, like the future, has three separate paradigms. So, unlike the present, which has a present, active paradigm, and a middle passive paradigm, one paradigm that's gonna be both middle and passive, the imperfect has the active paradigm in a middle passive paradigm. But the future, remember, had three separate paradigms, an active, a middle, and a passive. The heirest is the same. Look, we can see here at the bottom of 119, there is the heirest middle indicative paradigm. Elusamain, Eluseau, Elusita, Elusamatha, Elusaste, Elusanta. Again, a lot of similarities, right? We see that augment on the beginning of all of them, that epsilon, we see the sigma, that is inserted in the middle, and then the endings, uh, similar to the middle, uh, perfect paradigms that we had before. with the present, the imperfect, and then the future. That Amain, Ata, Amatha, Astha, Anta, like similar, but slight variations. You can see, they're indicating the, um, persons of the verbs. Yeah, we doing good? Paradigms are fun, aren't they? Um, and then, of course, we have the passive, next page. Hello, Thane, I was loosed, Eleuthe, you were loosed, Eleuthe, Hishi, it was loosed. Eluthaiman, we were loosed, Eliphate, you were loosed, or y'all were loosed, and Eluthaisan, they were loosed. What do we see here? We see the same stammer root, loo, we see the augment, the epsilon. And then what else do we notice? Remember, we had this illustration last week that Plumber used of the guy laying back in his beanbag or his easy chair, that theta, that theta, indicates to us that it's passive, because when you're in the beanbag chair or the lazy boy, you're being passive, you just, you're remote in your hand, you're relaxing. So that theta indicates to us the passive. Just like we said last week with the future tense, the, um, if there's a word that's lexical form ends in omega, an omega verb, like luo, um, if we have anyone of these three paradigms, the active, the middle, or the passive, we know how luo is functioning there. If we have a verb that ends in oh my, a middle only verb, it can take either the middle or the passive form. in the arrest. But it will always be translated as middle. Middle only words, peru am I. I come, I go, Ericomai, I come, I go, Decomai, I receive any of these verbs that end in, oh my, no matter what form they take, they are always translated in that middle form. I do for myself. basically, is, like, a super wooden translation that he gives. You know, we're not all, you wouldn't always translate it that way, but that's the idea. The member with the middle only, the middle, uh, the middle voice is communicating that the, uh, subject is performing the action and that they are affected by the action. Any verbs that end in, oh my, that's what they're always indicating. Omega verbs, like Luo, or Agapao, I love, are can take any of the forms. Does that make sense? I know. What doesn't make sense? Let me know. Oh, well, not that it doesn't make sense, but a question comes up, like, in the middle indicative, you've got, you know, I lose for myself, you lose for yourself. It looks four, yeah, himself. What if we replace the word four with two? Would that be another paradigm, or could that be pretty much the same thing? That'd be pretty much the same thing. I think it would depend on the context. 'Cause I could proceed where it might be different. Yeah. It's really gonna depend on the context, because even this translation that he's giving us for the middle for myself, really, most, if not all, of the passages in the New Testament, they're using the middle, are probably not gonna translate that. They're just gonna translate it as I loosed. You know, something? But you know, as a reader of Greek, what's being communicated there. See, most of the English translations, that's gonna be a little too cumbersome. They want a more fluent, you know, readable translation, and so they're gonna tidy it up, and really, just to get to the message, the point of what's being communicated, but a lot of times, those English translations, our English translations, don't communicate the middle voice that clearly. So someone wouldn't, if you're reading in English, you don't necessarily know if it, you know, whether it's active or middle, 'cause they're being translated the same way, um, so that that's where, unless you have a super wooden translation that's gonna be clunkier to read, you're not gonna see the nuances of what's being communicated actually in the Greek. That makes sense. Honestly, I think, like, the thing that's hard is just the verb boost, because it's, like, we don't use that very much in English, so it's hard to picture, like, what does that even mean? Like, you know, I lose the dog's collar or like, you know, I lose like a tight thing around my ankle, but it's like, it's just not a very common thing that you would say. I feel like in no life. Right. So, or, like, I loosen the cap of the catch up, maybe, but you wouldn't really say it that way. So I think it's hard to, like, picture what would this look like in terms of, like, just, I don't know, everyday life. Like, so do they use the verb luo over and over again because it's just easy? Because it's three. like letters basically. Because I was gonna say, like, I feel like this would be way easier to picture if it was, like, I walk or I eat, or it's something, like, way more common of something that we say all of the time. So I think, like, for me, it's hard to picture, like, what does y'all lose for yourselves? Like, what does that even mean? Like, you know, in just like reality. What does that mean? It's hard to picture. So I think that's like, that's maybe, for me, I was mentally is like a thing to struggle with is like, I don't know what this verb is really like saying or meaning, you know? Yeah, in English. Yeah. Like, or I can't think of a context program either. assuming that loose was used because that's because of its commonality, but because it has so many paradigms. Yeah, well, it's like she said, because it's a small word. Um, and, and it's always throughout the history of Greek grammars, you know, especially since like the time of the Reformation, where that would have been proliferated more with like the printing press and everything. Um, it's always been the word used because it's so easy. But yeah, what's hard is that Luo is an omega verb right so it's not so there really wouldn't be a middle translation. Like if you saw Luo, especially the president of the imperfect, and you saw it in that middle passive paradigm, like the default would be to translate it passively. You know, I was loose or I was being loose. Those, oh my verbs, those middle only verbs, are the ones that inherent to the nature of the action is something that. Someone is doing, and they're being affected by it simultaneously. Like going somewhere. Like, or intellectual, emotional type, lug is 0 my. I consider like I'm actively considering and I'm being affected by my consideration. So, yeah, a lot of it's this is just kind of like in theory. Because once, again, if you get to the point of translating, we're not doing this. We're working backward, right? We're seeing a form and trying to be a detective and work backwards and figure out what is that word communicating. So what we're actually doing is kind of seeing it from the other and the other perspective of what it is and what are all the possibilities. So that when we get to the New Testament, it's like a puzzle and we're trying to trying to figure it out. Use all the clues that we have, you know. So it's easier on the others. So, like, like you said, working backwards instead of, so right now we're just getting like the leg, the groundwork, but like when you're translating it, you already have that knowledge of it. So you're basically, if I'm hearing it correctly. So you're, you already understand that you're just, you're working back. We looking at it from a different view. That's why it's taken time to time just, okay. Yeah, think about it this way. Let's say you want to be a doctor. If you want to be a doctor, you go to medical school and they don't. As much of the info as they can into you, and you've got to prove that you know well both through testing and then through residency or whatever else, to get you to the point where you're a doctor and someone comes to you, and you're trying to figure out what's going on. you have that wealth of knowledge to draw on. Or if you want to be a lawyer, and you go to law school, so that when you, you know, get to practicing law, you have. This treasure shrove that you're pulling from instead of having to look everything up or try to figure out simultaneously as you're going. That's the same idea here with this. The goal is you're opening up your Greek New Testament, and you have a passage, and you, instead of going word by word in your lexicon or in your logoff software or whatever, trying to figure it out that you, oh, okay, like Luso, that's future that I know I will lose. And instead of having to look up the word, then figure out the paradigm and what it is like you, you already kind of have that. So that's that's really the goal of of what we're doing. We were literally talking about this this morning, drinking coffee, you know, getting ready for church. And she was comparing it to like learning Spanish in high school and college and. You know, Spanish is a language people are still speaking, obviously, and so it's much more immersive, uh, way of learning. And, um, but but what we're doing is different because we have a dead language, in essence, and our goal, our sole goal is translating this one book, the New Testament, you know? And so you really can't, there's not really like communication and speaking it. There's not really like, um, this way of learning like, okay, this is a chair. Chair is this word, you know? It's, we have a, we have a specific text with that's closed. You know, everything we need to know that's in there, and nobody is, people who are speaking Greek are not speaking this Greek. You know, there's been 2 or 3 evolutions since then. So that's what makes it interesting. And like we said, if there may be different ways to learn New Testament Greek. This is only the way I've ever learned it in college and seminary. I taken, uh, you know, other, as ever, refreshed it and taken, uh, What's what's like audited, McCore? I've done that a couple times just to refresh myself. And it's always been the same. Now, it's always been through Southern and seminary, and Rob Plummer, who does the daily dose of Greek, and all that, he's a professor at Southern. So even his style is that same style. So that's all I've ever known. No. So I'll have to say, if there are easier ways to learn coin a Greek, specifically for the New Testament, I don't know them. But this way has, I mean, you know, served me to the point where I can translate, you know, to some degree for preaching and whatever else. And so, but it's, you know, even with languages like Spanish or French, more immersive ones, really, you're ultimately, it's like we said from the beginning, you're gonna get out of it what you put in, right? I mean, uh, she used to be like super high level Spanish and she hasn't done it in years now and so I don't know where she'd be at now, but it's not where she was. You know? And so, and I listen, I have taken multiple Hebrew classes, and right now, I would really have to refresh myself super hard because I don't, you know, unless we're, I'm preaching in Old Testament passage, and even then, it's not like I'm spending 40 hours in the Hebrew. You know, there's other things that have to be done. So it's just that's true with anything, you know? And so, yeah, Jerry. You implied about how different this Greek is from modern Greek. Would someone today in Greece have difficulty reading this? Yeah, that's a good question. I don't know to what degree. Um, I don't know. I don't know if I don't know if it's like C. Owens would have any more insight on that. 'Cause how she grew up. But it is, I don't know, like, like if we were equated to us in old English, I don't know how, how, uh, how much those line up. You know, because there's, we can read, we can read the 1611 King James, right? And even if we struggle with some things, we're getting a lot of it, basically. I don't know if that's a fair equivalent. That's what I was... Yeah, I'm not... Yeah, I'm not sure because there have. The Greek language hasn't changed much since, since the Turks invaded Greece. And when was that? Around 800? And I think, I think, so that was a long 880. But there was evolution before that from coin A Greek into more ecclesiastical Greek, and then now to what we call modern Greek. But even from then, there has been evolution, obviously, since, since 800. But I don't know that question. I know't know. I know there, it's not a one to one, you know, it's definitely not a one to one. If you're not immersed in it, you'll lose it. Yeah. So, like, I spoke Arabic very, very slowly, very well, and just in the 3 years, I've been with Anna. I'm already struggling communicating with my mom. Really. Wow. Yeah. And I'm losing it. I had the same with French. I mean, I was raised, that is my only language, and now, if you put me in a French area, I'm gonna struggle. Yeah. Big time. Wow. It goes fast, like, you lose it fast. Yeah, very fast. It's crazy. It's not just language, it's anything. And most of you know, I've been retired for a few years. Right. I can't believe how quickly I'm forget it. Yeah. Stuff that I used to do easily. Yeah. Yeah, you know that's such a good point that can be applied to a lot of things, but, you know, when you hear, when you hear people talk about church, you know, or the gospel or Christianity, and they're like, and we've already learned this, right? Why do we have to do this every week? Well, there's a lot of reasons. One of the reasons is like because you forget we forget things quickly. We need to be constantly reminded. And anyone who has dealt with children in any way knows that, I mean, you're just repeating yourself. over and over and over and over again. And, uh, we are all not children, uh, but, but I mean, where are we spiritually? Right? I mean? You know, not only when people first become Christians, but then we ebb and flow. You know, if we're, if we're, if we let our hearts wander far enough, and then we're, we're losing things not only intellectually, but spiritually, emotionally, like, yeah, we are that's who we are. We're broken creatures, right? And so we can see it in things like languages we speak or jobs we were doing and how much more is that true for us in terms of following Jesus, you know? And so the preaching of the word and the sacraments and our fellowship together, all of these things are what God has given us for to to to remain faithful to continue on. And so it's true for it's true for Greek. I mean, you guys, you know, Dr. Brett was in here before he started teaching his class, and he took Greek in seminary, and he was like, I feel like I'm learning some of this again, you know, and. Even the reading and preparation I've done for this class has reminded me of a lot of things that if before I was just trying to translate whatever text was for the sermon, you know, I, you're not, you're not thinking of everything when you're translating a certain passage, and so. Yeah, it's just it's really honestly like how much how much time and energy can you give to it realistically in light of what your life looks like? And then really to just view something like this, no matter where we end up in Meg, when we wrap up, You guys can take whatever and move forward. You know how you want with it. You have the resources now. You know where, you know where to find. Whereas before, maybe if you're like, I want to figure out some Greek stuff, you just start Googling, and you don't know what you're looking at, right? But now there's a framework. There's a foundation, if nothing else. that you can pull from, whether you're just want to do in your own private reading or translation, or you're teaching a class or a Bible study, or you're teaching your children or whatever you're doing. You know there's this is the groundwork. This is the med school memorizing all of these different things and you're like, what? You know, when is when am I actually gonna like get my hands dirty, but you can't get your hands dirty if you don't. You know you don't want a heart surgeon who's who's having to learn as he goes right? You know. So, and then this is pressed home. This was pressed home a lot to us in Bible college and seminary, obviously because they're like. You know if you're gonna be a pastor like this is good for any Christian, but especially if you're gonna preach. If you're gonna counsel, if you're gonna teach like you know, it's imperative that you have the tools. That are most helpful and most necessary. And that makes sense for sure. But even for you guys who have whatever level of interest in it, you know, you're gathering up some tools and who knows what what the Lord will do with that moving forward. But I'll tell you, I mean, even, I'm encouraged by Mike and by Jerry, and, you know, you guys, it's not like you're a 21 year old Bible college student, you know, I mean, at different points in life to still have interest in learning and growing and challenging yourself. Well, we have the interest, but our ability to not say as it was in our teens or 20s. Yeah. Yeah, it's it's a, it was an awakening when we started this class. Yeah. That, yeah, I'll be honest, I used to pride myself on being able to learn anything. Quickly. Yeah. And this was the 1st time that I got ticked down a notch. Yeah. The Lord teaches us humility often, doesn't he? Sleep the leg. He does. We should be thankful. I was gonna say, too, I think we mentioned the, like, supplemental resources to this book in the beginning of the last, but now that, like, we've been doing it, just another bug, where there is a set of vocabulary cards that go with this. Yes. That are really helpful and they're like listed by chapter and I think on each of the cards it tells you like how many times the word is used in the New Testament too, which is beautiful. Yeah, that's super helpful. And then this chart. I was gonna say, what'd you get there? Yeah, let's chart is, like, all the paradise in a single chart. So, like, now that we actually know what we're talking about, when we say all, like, the paradigms, is like it has all of the, um, like, literally, you know, the the declension nouns and then, like, in the indicative, it tells you. So even if you just like opened up the New Testament, and you have this chart in front of you, it's like just kind of a helpful summary of the book so you're not like looking through the book over and over. So just another plug for resources now that we're kind of like in it, you know, like... Did you find that on Amazon or somewhere? Yeah. This is not even on. This is only like eight or nine bucks. It's not that, this one isn't that expensive and then I don't know much. assuming it was made to go with this book. It was. It was. Yeah. Just the coloring alone tells me. It's, like, the same. It's with to go. Yeah, recommended by the Daily Joseph Greek, because... Anyway, there's another pub for extra resources if you're interested in. Absolutely. Yeah. I need extra shoe resources. Yeah. Yeah, there's the laminated sheet that she just showed. There's the vocab cards. Obviously, y'all have the book. and all the online stuff too. The online resources are plentiful. He's got all the lectures for each chapter which we mentioned before, all the links to songs, you know, that may help you with different paradigms. And then the resource, I don't know if anybody's actually looked at it, but Rob Plummer, this guy, who's a professor at Southern, he's actually John Babuca's doctoral supervisor. Now, John's doing his PhD at Southern, and he has this website called Daily Dose of Greek, where he sends out an email every single day, and he's got a YouTube video. Where he goes through one verse of the New Testament every day. And he goes through whole books like 1st John or or I think they're being Matthew right now. And it's just one verse a day. And he reads it, reads the verse in Greek, translates it, parses whatever verbs. He just kind of talks through it. Kind of like the kind of thing that someone would do if you made it through this book and you took the next degree class in seminary, that's what we would do. We call it syntax and exit Jesus. And basically, when I was in there, we went through 1st John. And every we just every single verse we went through a translated parse it, you know, way. And that's the goal, right? But that daily dose of Greek, for those who, you know, aren't in seminary or Bible college or whatever, that's a that's kind of a way to do that on your own at home. And it's really not that intimidating. The videos are 5 minutes tops, and you do a verse a day. And that is a really good way. I mean, you could start it now. Obviously, anyone could do it at any point, but especially, you know, if you get through this book and you're feeling like, okay, I want to actually be just in a text, not thinking about paradigm or vocabulary words all the time. Like, well, let's actually start doing something that daily dose of Greek is really good. They also have daily dose of Hebrew daily dose of Latin daily dose of Aramaic. If anyone's interested in learning other languages for the Bible, but the daily is a Greek plug for that too. So endless resources. And this class is a drop in the ocean on the internet of resources that you could find on Greek. She even told me today that there's some guy who was, like, trying to sell a Greek course. No, I don't know. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So she does, you know, they, they, her company, they basically train people how to market themselves, is that right? Yeah, like online offers. Yeah, online. And so there's like a vast array of people with different businesses that are using them to sell their thing or whatever. But there was one guy at one point who was going to like do an online Greek class, teach people Greek online. And so he was, so my point there is, there's there's there's no lack of resources. Never in the history of Christianity has learning Greek, or Hebrew, been this accessible. But still, even with the amount of knowledge that we have and it's still difficult, right? It still takes the time. If it's gonna be in your mind, if it's gonna be in your heart, you know, if you're, if you're not just gonna be receiving the information, but you're gonna actually be using it at some point. Then you just you got to know it, right? You gotta learn it. You gotta learn, learn paradigms and learn vocabulary and then do your best. So. But yes, lots and lots of resources. We also want to note, uh, as we have did with the, um, contract verbs and with the, uh, imperative or with the imperfect, uh, the augment before, uh, and with the future, note how verbs can change based on, um, lengthening of vowels. So if we have a word like, um, Akuo, which means I hear, uh, if it's in the heiress tents, we're gonna, remember, we're adding that augment, so that's gonna lengthen, um, our first, it's, the heiress is not gonna look like that. It's not gonna look like a kuso. A, a, cuso. These, these 2 vowels are going to contract into an Ada. And it's gonna look like this. A Cuso. I heard. The augment, plus the alpha, is gonna lengthen. When you get that sigma, on another, remember, with our square of stops. Remember we talked about that last week, the square of stops? You can see that, like, at the bottom of page 121. Remember the dentals, and the palatols, and the labials, these letters that we pronounce, and how they affect, or how our mouths and throats are being affected as we're pronouncing these letters. We're gonna have the same situation there. Um, we use the example of Pempo, I send, uh, remember we said last week for the future, that it's not going to be... Pemso. But it's going to, that pi and sigma are going to give us a decide. So the future is pen stuff. With the heiress. Same thing. It's not gonna be a, it's not gonna be a pamsa, with a five, five sigma there, but it's going to contract to a side. With all these letters at the bottom of page 21, Delta, Zeta, Theta, Tao, all of those are going to be affected. Now, remember, you don't have to create that. We're not, we're not in the business of creating this and trying to figure out what needs to work. We gonna see the finished product, and we just want to know why. We don't want to be, wait, is this a word? I don't know? What is, you know, where did that side come from? We want to understand yet when that sigma is inserted into the middle of the word, there's going to be times where letters are affected by it. And it's gonna look different. Just like we have with, you know, we have 10 words that change in English, you know, different forms, right? Think about, I go, past tense is not I go, but I went, right? So we, we, we, we do this, we do this kind of stuff all the time where there's different words. We have contractions, cannot. We just say can't. You know, we, there's all, all languages do, and Barry does the same thing. So, um, again, that's just something for us to make note of. We don't, if you are someone who's been working diligently, don't worry about memorizing the square of stops, the stem variations, what we were just talking about. But don't be thrown off when we see something like that to know, okay, that's Eric. Set the augment and then the sigma. And actually, it's Epem South. I wrote that wrong. But hopefully the point that it stands. Does that make sense? At least enough? Please throw away. From what we knew before. Right. Okay, let me read the vocabulary words to you guys so you can hear them. And then you'll notice as we head for all of the other chapters, these practice exercises that will helpful. He encourages you to merit memorize the three heiress paradigms, write them out 10 times for memory, is what they encourage, then they have in letter B, parsing, can practice parsing these 10 words, in letter C, there are 12 Greek translations, from all from verses, that you could put your knowledge to the test on, and then letter D. He has, you translate English back into Greek, which is not something that you would be doing, obviously, in your New Testament, but just another way to practice and reinforce. All right, the vocabulary on page one, two, three, 123. And a bino, as I go up, I ascend, um, ab ercomai, as I go away, or I depart. Apathenesco, Apathenesco is I die. Balo is I throw or cast out. I go in, or enter, ecbolo, I drive, send out, STO, I eat, ex, ericomai, I go out, depart, leave. Urisco. I find or discover, like, Eureka. Tetabino. I go down or descend. Pinot, I drink, Piptoe. I fall, pros ercomai. I go out or approach, pharaoh, I bear or carry. And up Angolia is promise, F Angolia, promise. Finding, if you're, you know, trying to work on vocabulary, finding ways for that to stick in your mind, you know, as always really, really good way. Like the, I always remember the word pharaoh, I bear, I carry, I always picture, you know, the pharaoh in Egypt being carried around and, you know, stuff like that, just trying to find ways for it to stick in your brain. So. All right. Any questions about the heirest tents? We understand what the heirest is, we see the paradigms, here, anybody want to ask anything? before we go. No? I think just, like, something you said to you was, like, it's not, I go, it's I went, but when you, if you've been around little kids long enough, you hear them say, stupid crap all the time, as they're, like, learning English. So you'll hear a little kid say, her go to the store. You know, you know, where she went instead of her voting. But it's like they're learning. And so I think just like encouragement that when you're learning a new language, it's okay to like make the mistake of, you know, switching up your pronouns or your endings or something like that. Yeah. Because you're just like a little 2 or 3 year old trying to learn how to talk. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. are necessary. Yeah. Yeah, absolutely. That's how we learned. Yeah. Yeah, children. ESL, you know, English 2nd language, you know, the same thing. and yeah, there's grace. And again, none of us are taking an exam, I'm sure, trying to get a grade, you're trying to graduate here. So this is chill. This is just for our own personal, uh, sanctification and development, right? All right. Well, I appreciate all of you. Thankful to be here with you today. Let's pray, and then we'll go to church. Holy Father, we do give you praise. We echo the praises that we began class with, Father, that your glorious gospel with which you've saved us. We are humbled. We please keep us from pride and and not being humbled always by the good news of Jesus. We thank you for this class for the opportunity to learn about the arist tents. We pray that you would use these classes to deepen our understanding of your word so that we can see your son, Jesus, in the scripture and love him and worship him and trust in him alone. We ask for your blessing as we gather around the preaching of the word and the sacraments. We lift up once again Sheila and her family in prayer. We left up Sue, we lift up Steve. Any others, Lord, in your care, you know all things, and we acknowledge your sovereignty and your love and your care and your mercy. And we ask for that now. In the name of Jesus and by the power of the Spirit. Amen. Amen. Thank you, guys. Thank you, guys. Good to be with everyone. It's good to be you. Good to be. That's terrible. All right. I'll be way up in Richmond. Thanks.