Chapter 22

Transcript

Get near the end, here runs chapter 22. Subjunctive this morning, we will have class next week. We will have no class the week after that, so the Sunday, the day before Memorial Day, no class, and then we will have our last Greek class on the 31st. Graduation? Graduation, yeah. Final exam at the 31st. Uh, and hopefully, at that point, get through the end of the book. I know we did skip one chapter on, yes, I'm throwing other pronouns. We'll see if we can squeeze that in, depending on how the rest of this goes. But if not, again, you have the chapter, you can read, you have his lectures, you can watch. Um, you know, same as, same as always, but we're gonna spend time on, uh, the chapters that are more prominent, things that are gonna be more helpful to us as we near the end here. So, chapter 22, gonna be on page 247, looking at subjunctives, and I want to start by reading a couple verses for us that will hopefully be helpful in our discussion this morning, as we're seeing, you know, drawing near to the end of class and seeing more of what we're discussing actually in the text, because we have, you know, so many, uh, foundational tools that we've already built on. So the 1st one I want to read is going to be from 1st John chapter one. So if you have your Greek New Testament, can open up to 1st John chapter one, and the 2nd text is actually going to be Hebrews chapter 13, verse 5, and that is on page 248 of your textbook. So in your Greek New Testament or in your English Bible, if you want to open up to 1st John chapter one, and then we'll look at the Hebrews from our textbook, or you can pull that up on your Bible if you want to as well. But first, here, first, John chapter one, verse six. It says, Aon, April men, Hatti, Pointa neon, Eccamen, met Aotu, Kai, En, To, Skate, Perry, Potoman, Pasudam, Pasudamatha, Kai, U, Poyu men, Tain, a, a, a, a, a, excuse me. And the translation, if we are saying that we have fellowship with him, and in the darkness, we are walking, then we are lying, and not doing the truth. The word of the Lord.. And Hebrews chapter 13, verse 5. Again, this is on page 248 of your textbook. You're going to look at that. There, in the 2nd paragraph, says, ume se, anno, ud, ume se, egg, cata, lipo. I will never leave you nor never forsake you. This is the word of the Lord. Amen. Amen. Something? I dont know if you guys notice this. Something is smelling kind of funky to me in here, and I don't know if it's me. Or if it's something in the room or outside. I don't know if anybody else is catching a whip of anything. Wow. Like, what? Is it? Is it the coffee? coffee? Oh, he said they're squeezing it, so that way... Does have a real strong smell? Oh, it smells, it smells weird to me, and maybe that's what it is, okay? like coffee or trash. No offense. Yeah, yeah, yeah. No, it's jet fuel. Now that you're saying it, maybe it is the coffee. But when it 1st hit my nose, I was like, whoa, am I, is something weird going on with me? Okay. Sorry about that. I'm sure it's amazing. coffee when I first walked in. This room, the coffee was definitely... This coffee? This coffee is definitely present in the air. Oh, yeah. Well, we know Andrew and Mike make it strong. But at this point, I've already... You're used to it. Yeah. Maybe it's maybe it was that thing. All right, no offense. I'm sure it's amazing. But if my nostrils just weren't ready to compute what was going on there. So... Okay. So today we're talking about subjunctives, and both these verses that we read, subjunctives are present there in the text, and essential, and to our understanding of the text, and how we would translate the text. But first, let's think about what subjunctives are, and then we'll come back to the passages and do some application looking at, actually, the Word of God. But subjunctives are now our second mood that we're discussing. The first mood, and we talked about it quite a bit, is the indicative mood, right? The indicative mood, which we went through and learned all of our verb tenses or tense forms in the indicative. The president, the imperfect, the heiress, the future, the perfect, we mentioned, the Plu Perfect. And then we talked about two other forms that are not technically moods, but we kind of discussed them, like, as if they were moods. And that was participles, right? Which are verbal adjectives. They have a verb root, and then they're declined like an adjective. And infinitives, which are verbal nouns, that have verb roots and are declined as nouns. So those two are not technically moods, even though we kind of discuss them as such. The subjunctive is our second mood. After the indicative. Remember, the indicative, what we mean by the indicative mood, the mood is what, um, it's how the author is communicating his viewpoint or his attitude toward the verb or toward the event that's taking place. So think about the indicative as if it's kind of like a news report. It's the author's attitude towards what's being said is that it's true, that it's real, that it actually happened. Now, we did know that someone can lie in the indicative mood, in scripture, in the New Testament, Satan lies in the indicative mood. But that's not because everything that's said in the indicative mood is true as opposed to being false. It's the perspective of the author on what's being communicated. So the subjunctive mood, then, is communicating a different perspective. It's communicating a different attitude of the author. And here in the book, in that first paragraph, they say the subjunctive mood can be identified as the mood of probability or indefiniteness that covers some of what the subjunctive represents, not all, but it's a good starting place. I think he has some good comparison here between the indicative and the subjunctive, if you notice on the fourth line down of that 1st paragraph on 247, he says, the indicative is like saying, I broke the window. The next line down, the subjunctive is like saying, if anyone breaks a window, he must pay for it. So, you see, it's, and he uses, he's using an if clause there in the English to indicate the subjunctive mood. Because in English, we don't have any, there's no form of the word or of the verb for us that is communicating a mood. That's communicating our perspective on what's happening, right? We use other words to fill us in and clue us in, and here in this example, if anyone breaks a window, he must pay for it. The word if is showing us that this is not something that actually happened. It's a projection of what could happen, right? It's like, it's like, you know, if we were to sit here in class and turn down the lights, and if we were to go old school and put a projector up there, and the projector could look into a possible future. to say, if we were to do this, this is what, you know, potentially could happen. That's what the subjunctive is communicating. And the subjunctive communicates it by its form, like other Greek, you know, everything that we know about the Greek words is that the endings or prefixes on the beginning or letters inserted into the word. These are how the Greeks would communicate to different aspects, right, of tenses or of moods. And the subjunctive is no different. Now, the subjunctive is always, or usually, we don't want to say always, there's never an always in Greek, but usually is attached to these little particles, these small words, that are going to clue us in, that the subjunctive is being used. And we'll see that in a minute, but also the form of the verb communicates it as well. So let's look at page 249, and we can see the paradigms. Most of the subjunctives in the Greek New Testament are either present or heorist. I think there are a handful of perfect subjunctives, but not enough for us to spend any time on here. Most of them are present or heiress, and it's something like, uh... 66% of subjunctives in the New Testament are heiress, and one third, somewhere around 33%, are present. Not exactly, of course, because there are some perfects, but for the majority, it's about two thirds, airest about one third present tense. And so, if we're getting to a subjunctive, and we're translating, and we're getting a little stumped. Safe guess is gonna be just, let's hope, go and assume it's an heirest. And then, you know, if we do some hard work and figure out that it was a present, uh, then good for us, but more than likely, it's gonna be an heiress, right? Two thirds, 66%. And the good news about the subjunctive paradigms is that there really is only one difference from the indicative, and that is the lengthening of the vowel. So again, look at that paradigm, 22.3, in the middle of page 249, we see a luo paradigm that we're used to. We got an active, we got a middle passive, that's been true for the present tense all the way through, right? There's two paradigms, there's an active, and then a middle passive is one paradigm for the heiress. There are three paradigms, the active, the middle, and the passive. Same thing we've seen all the way through. We got first, second, and third persons. We got singular and plural. We were all familiar with this. We've seen this since the very beginning of learning about verbs, and then let's actually look at the words. Luo. Well, that's exactly the same. isn't it? It's exactly the same as the present, active, indicative, first person singular. But then let's look at the rest of them. We got Luis with that lengthened Ada instead of the Ada Yoda, right? So if we, if we kind of see them in comparison... Or the indicative, and the subjunctive. So we've got Luo, for the indicative. We also have Luo, for the subjunctive. Luis. Blue Ace... Notice that, uh, Ioda subscripts, and the epsilon lengthens to an Ada. Lue? I don't know. Wait. That one might be the same. What is the someone real quick? Show me how smart you are. The, uh, present active indicative, third person singular. Is it Epsilon, Yoda, or is it an Ada? Are we all drug collectively drawn a blank here? Mm hmm, yes. He doesn't have a comparison on here. Oh, yeah, he does. It is. It's enough slow, but a very next page. I don't even need to write all this out. It's on page 250. You don't need my... dumb butt riding this out when we have the correct... Listen here. Listen here. We got to be honest about ourselves. Humility. But notice that. Luo, Luis, Luui, Luamen, Lueta, Luis, or Luisen, and then we have Luo, Luis, Lui, Luu Omen, Lueta, Luosen. There's the difference is the lengthening of the vowel. Epsilon, to Ada, and Omicron, to Omega. And then those dipthongs are just going to do what dipthongs do, we saw before, and, you know, in liquid verbs and contract verbs. Remember all those rules, egghead, egghead, egghead intelligence, all that good stuff. Same with the middle passive. Luo Mai, or, yeah, Luo Mai, to Luo Mai, Lui, to Lui. those look the same. Louet, Louetai, Tulou, Atai, Luamatha, Tuluomatha, Luesta, Tuluesta, Luantai, Tuluontai, The heirest is exactly the same as the present, just with the sigma inserted. Lou, so, lusse, lusse, glusomen, luseta, lusosen, and then, for the heiress, middle, lusomai, lusse, lusse, tai, lusomatha, lusse, lusone, lusone, time, and then, for the heiress passive, it's the same as the air is active, but instead of a sigma, it's a theta. Lutho, Luthay, Luthay, Luthoman, Lutha, Luthosin. So, in general, when we're seeing these words, for most of them, what's gonna clue us in that this is subjunctive rather than indicative? It's gonna be that lengthened vowel. Now, what if there is these handful of words where they're exactly the same? Right? So for the present, first person, Luo and Luo is the same, what else is the same here? The present middle passive, 2nd person, Lui, is the same. Um, the aorist, 1st person, will be the same as, uh, a future. First person indicative, right? Louseau. So there are some that overlap. But so how will we know if we're reading those handful, whether they are indicative or subjunctive? And the answer is that the subjunctive, the way the subjunctive is used, is connected to these little words, these little particles, that are, really, they demand a subjunctive mood to be used. And we saw those in our passages. Let's look. Let's look real quick at Hebrews 13. 5. Yeah, remember, that's the second paragraph of page 248. Oo may say, I know, ud, ume se, et catalipo. I will never leave you, nor never forsake you. So, when we see that Ume, at the beginning, that is a clue to us that the subjunctive is going to be used, and he even knows that on page 252. When he's going through all the uses of the subjunctive, you see near the bottom of page 252 that that emphatic negation is fluing us in, that it's going to be subjunctive. Remember, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh. Uh, that's how, uh, the indicative is negated. If you want to say no or not in the indicative, you use ooh. If you may, is what negates all non indicative moods. So, participles, infinitives, subjunctive, optative, imperative, they're all negated by may. When we see Ume together, that's a strong, emphatic negation. And that's going to clue us in that it's going to be subjunctive. In English, 2 negatives make a positive, right? If we put two negatives together in proper English, we're really communicating a positive. This is not so in Greek. Two negatives together are emphasizing a strong, strong negation. And so, um, in Hebrews 13, 5, we have what is one of the, um, one of the most powerful uh, versus in the Bible, in the sense that it contains 5 negations. Look at that. U, me, ud, u, me. I will never leave you, and that Ano, that's your subjunctive, right there. Ano is the subjunctive, and egg catalipo is your subjunctive, because they're following the Ume, the strong negation. We have five negations in this verse. That's how strong God is communicating to us that Christ is communicating to us, that He will not leave us. Five times negation, I will never, ever leave you nor, never, ever forsake you. And this is really cool here. We won't go through all this now, but you can read it later if you want to. The authors here note, the hymn, how Firm a Foundation, which we sing often here at church, how firm a Foundation picks up on this, the soul that Jesus has gleaned for repose, I will not, I will not desert to its foes. That soul, though hell should endeavor to shake, I'll never, no, never, no, never, forsake. that that's what's being communicated, how strongly Jesus' commitment to his people is. And then also, he they pull quotes from 2 different Charles Spurgeon's sermons, which is really awesome. So you should check those out. Like I said, we won't go through them now, but Spurgeon preached on this text twice, 10 years apart. And these are, quotes, his first, his first sermon was titled Never, Never, Never, Never, Never. That's a great sermon title, right there. And that his second one was entitled Never, No, Never, No, Never. So read those quotes, check them out pretty cool. It's, it's, uh, I like that they included the hymn and the Spurgeon quotes because we can see, this is something where, um, guys, we don't want to become those snobby, um, Greek students who, whoa, look at this guy. Seriously, look out the window. Okay, okay, okay. Boy.. That's a big boy. Oh, it's a mom. That is a mama? Yeah. She feed the pups. That's huge. Yeah. Wow. coyote right. She's out for Mother's Day here. It's pretty. Oh, man, Bethany, you missed the coyote. I wonder which class cabs in. You be so excited about that. You just missed a coyote walking by. I did? Yeah, he did. One of the big ones, really? Big coyote just walked by. Would it be like over there? Yeah, go look out the door. Probably going after those, just the groundhogs. I look at the beast. Those are big suckers, too. Definitely a lot of ground hogs. It was fame, though. That would be good. There's 2 of them already. It is. They got they had a whole colony under that hill for a while. Yeah. I was expecting... Oh, really? Yeah. He's a still lizard colony. Is there still? Almost every time we come in. Oh, do you? Yeah. Yeah. We saw a bunny rabbit coming in, too. TLC. So there's plenty of options for Mama Coyote. We'll grab some of the geese. Yeah, yeah, seriously. We wouldn't be upset about that. Wow. I don't even remember what we were talking about because that was we went on National Geographic. talking about We don't want me to establish Greeks. Yes. Yes, thank you, brother. So we don't want to be the snob because you guys have all, you know, did you see it? Yeah, you are, and then you went into the retention pond, and then, like, a bunch of birds, like, flew up the bird, like, straight back up. That's hilarious. the wording. Yeah, it's wild, yeah. From the pulpit, you might want to mention it because they're small children. That's true. Yeah. Yeah, here. Be careful. Like, literally, yeah. I mean, that thing is, it's pretty big. That's why I'm saying. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Good call. Well, there's 2 others. So some one of us can remember to say... Who's up early? I'm up at the end of the scripture. Okay, you want to mention it? Yeah okay. But John, yes. And we've all, because, you know, me and Dr. Brett and I, obviously, took it at seminary, but even now, you guys have, you're pretty much, you've gone through this whole book, right? So you've dipped your toes to some or another in Greek, and this is where on one hand, we don't want to become those snobby, self righteous Greek students who are like, the rest of you don't know how to read the Bible, you know? Even if there's, like, a little bit of truth to it, no. God preserves his word for us, but so we don't want to be that, because that's unhelpful, right? But also, but we do want to know, like, there is a reason, there are, there is benefit. There's a reason why God and his providence ignited the Protestant Reformation through the rediscovery of the languages. I mean, the gospel that was recovered, and this is where with something like the subjunctive, no English translation is going to communicate that as clearly as you're going to see it here in the text with Hebrews. And someone can, you know, hopefully, a good preacher would try to explain it in a sermon, but that those five negations along, you know, with the subjunctive, where Jesus is saying, it is never, ever, ever, ever, ever, even fathomable that I would leave you or forsake you. Like, even as a projection of reality, this is a five times, like, negated no. Um, and we see that clearly we see the same thing in, um, 1st John chapter one, verse 6 that we read at the beginning of class. Aeon, apomen, pati, koinan, neon, echomen, met, outu, kai, and to, scate, peripatomen, pasudamatha, kaiu, poi, umen, tain, alaythane. If we say that we have fellowship with him and we are walking in darkness, we are lying, you know, we are not practicing the truth. So we see that the word the verse begins with one of these particles, aeon, if. So these are examples, and he has them all throughout the rest of the chapter, but this is what I'm saying where, number one, those subjunctives that have the same form as the indicative, the first person, present, active singular, the second person singular for the present, middle passive, the heirest, that has the same form as the future, first person singular. We're gonna know its subjunctive instead of indicative, because there's gonna be one of these particles connected to it. They are going to show us that it's subjective. So when we see who may, which is what we see in Hebrews 13, 5, that double negation, that's always gonna be subjunctive. If it's just the oo, that's negating the indicative mood, if it's May, it's negating all non indicative moods, but when we have ume together, it's going to be, um, there's going to be a subjunctive verb that's following it. Another one is what that we see in 1 John 1, 6 is Aeon. Aeon. Which, um, means if. Um, it's, uh, what he's got listed here. So if we, well, let me see. It's on page 253. He lists the conditional. So there's all of these, there's all of these different ways that it's used, right? Henna is another one. Hinna means so, or that, or so that. Or in order that. Aon means if. So, uh, words like henna or, um, hot post, which he lists, which is less common. Hannah is the more common. Whenever you see him, ever, every single time. So it's gonna be a subjunctive. There's gonna be subjunctives, because it's demanding, right? It's calling for a subjunctive. So that what? And this is where when it follows these particles, it's not always necessarily a projection of a possible reality, because when you think about Hebrews 13, 5, that is as reality as reality gets, right? Jesus will never leave us or forsake us. That's not some kind of dream world. That's a statement of declaration, but that form is demanding the subjunctive form to follow. And that's true with all of these, too. These forms just, by the nature of what the words are, are requiring something other than just an indicative verb. If, uh, if is, uh, conditional, there's, there's a condition, if we're then, right? Uh, hena, so that is, um, expressing purpose. What other ones does he list here? Indefinite, on page 252, indefinite clause is, like, pas an, or hatan, or, um, heyos an, which means whoever, or whenever, uh, whenever, you know, these, these clauses, when you have one of these particles connected with a subjunctive, then, uh... grammatically, that's what's demanded. So let's look at a couple examples here. What time do we go? Okay, we got a little bit of time. Let's look at a purpose example. So the top of page 242. Top of page 252. He's got one for another one from 1st John here. Tautuk, Ralpho, Human, Hina, Me, Hamar, Teta. I write these things, tautagrafo. I write these things to you, who, men. Hannah, in order that, in order that what? May ha Marteta, that you might not sin. See, so the term henna is introducing the reason why he's writing. It's the purpose. And the purpose clause is demanding the subjunctive. Let's look at the next verse, too, Matthew 516. La, lumpsato, top, phos, homone, and prosten, tone, anthropone, hapose, idosin, homone, tai, kala, edra. Let your light shine before people. so that popos, so that they might see your good works. Itosin, umon, ta, kala, erga. So that's the purpose. When we see Hannah, we know that it's gonna be a subjunctive. And if it's a first person singular, if it's a second person singular of the present middle, if it's an heirest subjunctive versus a future indicative, we know that it's not the indicative, because we have that henna, or that hop host, before that. Right? The indefinite clauses. Like I said, which could be a relative clause, Hassan, or Hassan means whoever, it could be a temporal clause, Hatan means whenever, hails on means until. These particles are identifying to us the subjunctive. Let's look at Luke 9:48. They're the first verse. Has an ame, dextetai, debt, decatai, tan, apaste lanta, me, whoever receives, so whoever is Hassan, MA is me, Dexitai, that's your subjunctive verb. Whoever receives me is receiving or receives the one who sent me. So you can see the subjunctive and the vindictive right next to each other, right? Do you guys notice that? Deck say time is the subjunctive. Decatai is the indicative. Whenever we have one of these particles, like henna, or Hassan, or Ume, or aeon, the claws that's connecting that those particles with the subjunctive is going to go as far as a comma. or a period. After that comma or period, we're back to the indicative. Most likely, right? Because indicative is most of the New Testament. But notice that. We see that in Luke 948, Hassan, MA, Dextatai, comma, Decatai, Tan, Apostellenta, Amen. So once we hit that comma, then we're going to the indicative. We're not staying in the subjunctive anymore. Um, let's look at another one of emphatic negation there. We already looked at Hebrews 13, verse 5, but let's look at this one. Bloodbontes, blepsit, kai ume, idite, then there's a comma, even though he doesn't give us the rest of the sentence. Seeing, you will see and never perceive. So we have a participle seeing plapon tests, and then we have an indicative. Blap said test, seeing you will see, and Ume that double negative. You will never perceive or yeah, perceive edit as is another way to say C. So you can compare a part of simple, a present indicative, and, uh, or maybe or that's actually a future indicative. So we got a participle, a future indicative, and then a subjunctive, all right there in one verse. That double, that emphatic negation, that Umi is clueing us in, that the subjunctive is coming. Let's look at the conditional on page 253. That's where we saw Aon, an if clause, or Aon May, which would be if, um, if not. So, uh, let's see here. John 84 854. Eon, Ego, Doxaso. Emma, Emma Tan, hey, Daksa, mu, uden, esten. If I glorify myself, so we have the aeon, which is gonna be followed by a subjunctive, if I glorify myself, my glory is nothing. Back to indicative. That's the Amy indicative Eston. So that makes sense to you guys. He's got this, this chart here on subjunctive use right underneath that on page 253. Henna, plus the subjunctive, equals purpose, cop post, plus the subjunctive, and so he tells us, you know, what they're all, what they're all labeled as. And again, this is grammatical labeling for us to understand, but none of us are gonna be writing great textbooks, right? We'll be honest, but this is not a seminary class. This is us in Sunday school at church where we're like, okay, what's the real life stuff? You know, for us who just wanna have devotions or read, or, you know, or teach to some degree. And so these are, these are helpful, uh, grammatical labels, you know, to give us better understanding, but we're not composing Greek and we're not even composing Greek textbooks. We're not even taking a great final exam. in a college or seminary class. So I wouldn't worry too much about this. If you're trying to really learn, what I would say is those paranigms, just, and I wouldn't even have to say memorize, because you don't have to memorize. You've already got the indicatives memorized, hopefully. And you just know when you see a lengthened vowel instead of the shorter vowel that it's not indicative that it's subjunctive. He goes into much longer conversation about different kinds of conditional sentences. First class conditional sentences are A plus the indicative. Second class conditional sentences are A, plus the indicative, plus on, third class conditions are A, plus the subjunctive, fourth class, A, plus the optative. Read through that if you want. I think he talks about it someone in the video lecture. I wouldn't I wouldn't worry too much about that. You know what I mean? That's, again, that's, like, you know, if you're doing a lot of, like, syntactical labeling, then that's really where that comes in. Not to, well, you just ran by.er? No, no, no. Man, we've got like... I know, man. I don't know. Some if somebody were to just, like, listen, stumble across this online unless they would think that we lived like somewhere like rural. No, we're here, 14 Van Dyke. Coyotes and deer and... Before we built this building, there was a rather large wooded area here. Yeah. Well, and there's the remnants, the remnants. Exactly. remain. Yeah, exactly. You are correct, sir. All right, and does anybody have any questions or discussion about the subjunctive? Anything? Really? Just understanding it's a different mood. You know, we're onto our second mood now. from the indicative, and lengthen those vowels, and you got it, there's always gonna be one of those little words that are gonna clue you in, that is a subjunctive. And, uh, Aon, uh, Ume, Hassan, you know. Because we come familiar. I was gonna say, I'm just understanding, like, the language of how it's used. It seems like, from what we've done over in the shapter, is like, it seems to be kind of like principles or, you know, like, like this is a principle or a proverb. Like, if this happens and this happens, you know, or if that happens, like, so it's not saying, you know, like, if you gamble, you lose all your money. It's not saying that, like, everyone's gambling on time, but it's saying if this happens, then this happens. Right. So it's like, that's just understanding the mood of it, kind of because like it's kind of like a principle or a rule or like a wise saying or, you know, if this happens, then that may cause and effect too. Right. It's kind of like understanding the like how it's used, I guess. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. I think that's helpful. And again, all of the, like the morphology and kind of the, we got more.. Is that a different one? same one? same. I was looking for that deer that just ran by. So wild. Yeah. So, you know what? Exactly. Gotta pick up the better makeshift. Some burners, right? Yeah. Right, there you go. All right. Well, y'all, I mean, the coyote's done, his or her best to keep us off track this morning, but I think we, uh, I think we, that's helpful, though. You know? And again, I think it's, uh, one thing I, because I don't want to forget, then I want to go to Dr. Brett, is that once the most helpful thing to us, I think, as we're, like, thinking about, okay, reading Greek is kind of, like, watching the N4D, for, for, you know, whatever. 4K, yeah, yeah, 24K, perfect. 4K versus like, you know, old black and white or whatever, is that sometimes the English translation, while it's sufficient, and it's good and it's helpful, and it's God's word, is like, there's those nuances that, where you're just, you're gonna, like, feel the text a little more. And that's where I think what you're saying is helpful, like, because even if you end up translating it, like, the way an indicative might be translated or something, like, it's that nuance of understanding that that's benefiting, you know, a reader. Yeah. As you said, you've already said this, but I think just to highlight kind of, like, so when you see oo and you know it, you know, it's indicative. I think that helps you, like, in connection to when you're, like, uh, like what mood is this? If you see the, well, that's the indicative where the may, obviously, is going to be white. We've seen the mates, it's not gonna be a negative. So those kind of small cues, like, are always, I think, helpful to, like, have a bunch of those little sort of, like, pocket wisdoms. Yeah. as you're translating. I think the more you sort of embed most in memory, then you, you know, transit becomes a lot easier. Because there's lots of decoding to do. Yeah. That's good. Any little bit of helps that we can get. Do they have any resources, like, where they put the 2 together, like, English with Greek together, you know, and then maybe explain, you know, like, they're emphasizing those, you know. Yeah, definitely. There are print resources where you can get, like Bibles that'll have the English and the Greek with each other. There's also a ton of online resources. All the daily does agree, or whatever his website is, has a ton of stuff. Lagos is another... Oh, he got something. Okay. Got a goose. Who. Look what I got, honey. is. Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh. Do you get it? Yes. It's appreciate it. Wow. Thank you. Go grab another one. Slightly less. She's on our side, you know. listening? Yeah. She got that Mother's Day dinner. Yeah, Mother's Day dinner is what we were saying. One Mother's Day dinner is his mother. When he has its meal, we should not be concerned about it. Theory, and there is no picking off children. Yeah. Yeah, exactly. Unless Yes. pertaining to Hebrews, chapter 30, Rabbi. Yeah, what? We're looking at it, with that information, would it be safe to say, like, having a, just leaves, like, an elementary understanding of this, we'll be able to be beneficial to the person that is struggling with, um, believing that their salvation is secure. Like, being able to walk them through this? Yes. Okay, 'cause when you were talking about this, I'm like, That's amazing. Yes. In how you were saying, oh, yes, we have our English translation, it shows them, but being able to walk them through in the original text would be extremely... 100%. Okay, so... huge. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, because I'm saying, like, the most, if they're going for proper English, you're not gonna be able to communicate that in translation. Yeah, like a double negative. Yeah, right. But yes, 100%, that's, and I think that's why they probably used that as an illustration at the beginning because that will anyone who's struggling in their face, struggling with perseverance, you know, 100%, take them there. Yeah, and drop some Greek on them because, like, yeah, it's clear in the Greek. Yeah. Okay. Absolutely. Of course. All right, Pastor Andrew, you can close us some prayer. Of course. Father in love and we thank you for your grace and allowing us to come before church and study, greet, and thank you for Dr. L, taking his time and energy to, in part, wisdom and teaching and helping us to learn, to read your word as you had it to be written. We pray that as we go into church, your spirit will move our minds and hearts and teach us and help us to love Jesus more as we pray together, as we sing together, give together, as we confess together, as we sit under the preaching of your word. As we listen to the reading of your word, and as we take up the whole 80s, we pray all these things by the power of the Holy Spirit. And in Jesus name. Amen. Yeah. What a class. I had some excitement. What a class. So, we have the zoo.