Chapter 3 (10.05.25)

Transcript

We need a man, we need to do we need to talk about chapter three today. We gotta keep we gotta keep the trainer rolling, but what we're gonna do for the first 15 minutes or so, maybe a little review, by this point. 9:35. Yeah, what, what, whether you whether you feel comfortable with this or not, we need to assume at this point that you've pretty much got chapters 1 and to down. Now, if you don't, that's fine. You can keep practicing, keep reviewing, keep reading, but the alphabet and the first declension nouns are where we' where we are as a class, and then today we're gonna talk about 30lension nouns. But let's do a little review to get us started, and we're going to do some parsing all together as a class to see how we feel these are vocabulary words from chapter one.Cause remember part of learning this is not only what the chapters is not only the alphabet and the paradigms, but the vocabulary, too, because you want to be acquiring that vocabulary so that whenever you are trying to actually read the text, you're not having to look up every single word and take forever you want to memorize some, right? We want to accumulate this. So these are all vocabulary words from chapter 1, and they're all first declension nouns. So let's do some parsing together and just as you've read and tried to write them out yourself and everything may be done the exercises, this is going to be helpful because when you're reading the Greek New Testament, you're just going to come across a form such as this. And you're not gonna be you're not gonna have to regurgitate whole paradigms or anything like that. You're coming across the word in a certain form, and you want to know what it means within the context of the passage. And so, we'll just do some parsing all together. What is this word? Forward. What is its case?. It is nonnative. The gender, we know for all of these are what? feminine. Is this a singular or plural? Singular. Singular. So this is a nominative feminine singular of. Remember, when you're parsing the nominative singular is always the gloss. That's the dictionary form, the lexical form of the verb, or of the noun. Here, excuse me. It's true., It's true of verbs to have dictionary form as well, obviously. But so this is a phenominative feminine singular ofHey bonet and what is it? What's the definition? How would we say this? I The voice. Good. When you parse, that's what you're doing. And that basically means to parse a word is tell me everything you know about the word. All right? Let's try this. High cardion. What case is this? No. No, I mentioned. Now it is? That's right. We know it's feminine, because we're talking first questionion nouns, what number is it? Singular or plural? That is singularly plural. Plural. Oh, It is a plural plural.. Of whaton? It's a nominative bon and plural of what? What word? C... Hey, card. So what does this mean? How will we translate this? Without context? The hearts. The hearts.. I need a review. Why is this plural? Because in your paradigm, I page whatever. 19, you'll see. Has anybody listening to this song, by the way, the song? A N I own Ice ass. So that is the nominative nominative plural. When you see the I in the second declensions, alpha, ioda, that is the nominative plural. Thank you. Yeah. All right. What about this word? This is what case? Try to. It's a genitive. How did you know that, Gabby? Was that road memorization or when you saw it, was there something that tipped you off? It's the Tao, and then the omega and Nu. and then that ends in the same. When you see this, when you see that ending, it's a genitive. And always the same, whether it's singular or plural, because it changes with the singular and with the plural. Yeah. Well, this is this is a genitive. We know it's a feminine. What is the number? Plural. Did someone say plural? It is a plural. So when you see that on on the end, is because what is the genitive singular? Tase.. A. So when you see the O, though, when you see the O, you're gonna' gonna see it so often. Like, as you committed to memory, you when you see this word, if you' reading a text, and you saw this, you wouldn't have you're not going to have to think, okay, what case is this? Let me think in my head. The case is, you' just your mind is going to equate, own, its genitive fl. Because this is it stands out from the different endings. It's so regular. There's a lot of genitive. Plals the genitive singular. Especially because I think, and let me make sure that I say the right thing, because obviously, yeah, in the masculine and the neuter, the genitive plural ends in this, too. So whenever you see the O, you're going to right now, you want to ingrain it deep in there so that it's there, but it's I think it will become second nature to you. So it's a genitive feminine, plural of what?. What's the what's the lexical form? What's the dictionary form? What's the nominative singular form?? Well, I know, I know, Dr. Batt knows. Or. Is it Martinezart. Yeah. Someone just said? Bethany said? Hey, how do you? Yeah. Active Brittney syd off answering unless nobody has no idea because he's gonna know all this, for sure. So, hey, H Martilla. That was one of our vocabulary words. feminine, and it means you said sin. So but what is this? How would we translate this? The sins. turn of the sins. Of the sins. Always part of the band, right now? Of the sins. All right, does that make does this all make sense to everybody so far? Even if you're like, if I had to come up and write this, I would have been able to do it as we're doing it, it's making sense. Inough sense? You missed a rough breathing mark on myR2. I get the concept.. All right, thank you for that, because I did, even though I don't care. You were correct about that. All right. Te What case is that? It's gonna be. What do you notice about it first? As you look at it, what are you noticing about it? That you're a subscript. You a subscript. What is that tipping you off to? That's That's a clue. That's, what do they call it with the kids? Were they like look for clues as they're reading? Oh, context? Comprehension. Context clues. There's something else. That's what it is, but they use some phrase. Does anybody have any ideaas what that's cling you off to? Last. Infin. It is data. That's right. The data has the Otta subscript. It's feminine. Is it singular or chlorum? singular. It is singular. Of what word? Yeah, we get the word doxology from this word. What's the gloss? What's the nominative singular form? Doxin. It is. Daxa. Hey, da. Why, if the nominative is daxa a da, I don't know or care where the accent is on that word, but if if this word is, why is the nominative a d? I think you know, right? because it's masculine It's not masculine? Just irregular. It is irregular. Once you tell them how you figure that out?'Cause I was doing the practices at the end of chapter 2, and I got one of them wrong because I didn't pay attention to the paragraph where it talked about how Dxa is in a regular noun, which is onp. Where did we find that? We talked about that either last week or the week before, and the review, and I know some of you guys were not here, you know. It's on page 20. On page 20, Dosa is in a regular form. Words that have the side, and or a double sigma in them, like phosa, C, they take this irregular feminine form where the nominative and the accusative and an alpha and the genitive and the dative and in ata. Now, again, the goal was not for you to have the DA paradigm or yeah, paradigm memorize necessarily, because it's going to be one or the other in the text, right? You're going to be reading it's you' going to say, hey, that'ssa, it's going to say, hey, dat, it's going to say, taste, do say, or it's going to say, ting docks on, and you just, you're going to have to figure out what that form is, but it is irregular. So it's a dative feminine singular of hey, da, and so what does this mean? How would we translate that? How do we translate our dative? Yeah, that's. That's my timer. How do we translate the dative? Two or four, the glory. Two or four of the glory. Now, as we're translating, this isn't, don't we don't have to worry too much about this right now, but when we're translating, whether it has the article or not, in the Greek text for our translation, we're either going to supply or remove the English, based on whether it fits with how we're translating, because there does not exist ever a word for word translation in any two languages. And any of you guys who are bilingual or multilingual, you know that to be the case already. There's no such thing as a word for word translation. And it's true of our English Bibles. They're not. So, it may or may not have the article, but two or four of the glory or two or four glory. What about this word? What case is that? A. Thankusative. Accusative? It is accusative, feminine, singular or plural. Singular? Singular? Of what word? Well we know it'sHey Mayor something, right? We know the ending is the only thing that's changing here, so it's. And it's a feminine singular, so it's gonna be hey. Hey. Hey, mayor. Hey, mayor, because we see the alpha right there. Hey, hey, M, which So how can we translate this? Let's say triple over myself. The day. The day, as the direct object. What about this word? Tice et c, C ice. What case is that? AI? It's not a nominative? But but I can see, you know, you see in the A, but we got a sigma in the end. Kids would be like, "You're so sigma. I'm your sma. 6 seven. It's negative. A N, I own ice. Dative. We know it's feminine, and singular plural. Plural. Dative feminine plural of hey, these are all feminine. That's the feminine article. Hey. and lay, I'm gonna run out of MC. EC So this means two or four the churches, or two or four the assemblies, two or four the gatherings. Makes sense? Any questions? No? Okay. So there is really, this kind of thing is the kind of like review I hoped would be helpful. Other than that, it's like, you get the alphabet down, you get the paradigms down, you look at the vocabulary. is everyone good and comfortable with the alphabet at this point? Yeah, freezing. Hopefully, at least, at least., the paradigms, man, just write them out. Write' out, sing the song. Do the exercises. Dr. Brett was saying there's even on the website, you can on the not our website, on the G Brov Plummer's website, he has worksheets. If you don't want to write in your book, you can print out of the exercises. Anything else you want to say? You good? Yeah, I say is that the bibo, app IB has a game for VC 2 that you can go and just look at Voc it' show the word, and then show a picture, and then it'll mix match up, and it'll jumble them up and you know, so if anyone wants help with both it that's it's good for kids. kids learn that way with tablets and stuff. I could say.. We should probably get Sophia on there. Sophia's been coming to our little Greek cohort that we've been doing with the. We're doing the same thing we're doing here with you guys, with guys who are teaching on Sunday morning and so, yeah, we should look into that for. There's no word association. Yeah, until your mind's learning it. Yeah, which I, again, probably would be helpful for us too, but especially for her. All right, let's look at chapter three. Open to chapter three. Again, as we move forward, remember, feel free to communicate with each other during the week, to get a hold of me. If you have questions or you just need some counseling slash encouragement that everything's okay, but we do need to move forward because at this point our syllabus is has already been subject to change, and that's fine, but we do want to keep moving. So, as we now we're talking about second declension nouns. So everything, here's some encouragement. Bethany reminded me of this recently is that how you feel overwhelmed with the potentially, with the first declension nouns of like, there's these two new things, these two new paradigms that I don't know, is everything going to feel like this moving forward? Are this overwhelming? And the answer is, yes and no. Anything new is going to feel overwhelming because it's new. But as we look at the second declension announce in chapter 3, there is only one paradigm for the masculine that we're learning. Do you guys see that? What p page is that? 29. 29. Page 29. There's one text paradigm for the masculine and one paradigm for the neuter. And so everything that we have been learning and talking about and reviewing, everything we just reviewed, is the same for the masculine. The cases are all the same. You know the nominative, the genitive, the dative, and the accusative. You know singular and plural. That's all the same. The genitive plural ending is the same. Do you see that bone? And the the Yoda subscript on the date of singular is the same. There's similarities, right? Look at the dative plural. we said, phonase. This is la Gis. It's an omicron instead of an alpha. So there's a lot of similarities, even though there is, of course, some differences. So when we let's just like walk through the paradigms together and talk about them. Okay, first episode, I want to read you this verse real quick.verse, you're all very familiar with. John chapter 1, verse 1. NRK, and Halas. Kaiagas and pros tan, Kas, and Halagas. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. That verse, that sentence, has feminine and masculine noun in it. Verse declension nouns and second declension nouns. RK is feminine, logos is masculine. Theon, theos, masculine. And so if you were to try to read and translate, John chapter 1, it's so familiar to you that you probably would just know what it says, even if you didn't know exactly why all the words were doing what they were doing, but you would be interacting with first declension and second declension now. So as we look at the masculine, so we're talking. second declension. Remember, declension just means pattern. These are noun patterns. If you've studied other languages, you're really familiar with that. We have the singular and the plural, just like we did with the first declension. We have the dominative, we have the genitive, we have the dative, and we have the accusive, just like we did with the first declension nouns. Just the form, just the ending. Remember Greek is an inflected language. We have these inflections that happened on the word that changed the word that let us know what they mean. So for the article, we have the article for the masculine, just like the feminine has an article, Ha instead ofHey. Still has a rough breathing mark, still just one ladder, instead of an aa, it's an omicron. One of the chapter Vocab had the articles listed as part of the vocabulary, I think, and so you saw ha. Yeah.c ta's the neuter article. And so that's it, that's the Greek article. Sometimes we're going to translates this stuff. Just think in your mind, it means the context is always going to determine that, but just right now, it means the, okay? Ha means the, hey" means the ta, Taoicron means the It's the Greek article. So we have the article for each, just like we did for the feminine, huh? Two, toe. And t. What similarities do we notice between the singular article from the feminine? We notice from the first, there's a rough breathing mark, and it's just a singular letter. We notice the circumflux for the genitive and the dative, right? We notice the Yoda subscript for the data as well. We notice the new in the accusative, right? So similarities, a little different, but similar. For the plural. hi, just like the feminine plural was high. So, same thing, you got your rough breathing mark over your yoda, instead of an alpha. It's an omicron. That's the only difference. So when you see an Aa ora in the article, or an alpha, a lot of times, you're going to think this is feminine. When you're seeing an omicron, masculine. Whatever helps you, whatever helps that to stick in your brain, remember feminine easculine words don't necessarily mean that this is a boy or girl, male, female thing? It's just the pronunciation or the meaning of the word is either a little harder or a little softer, and that's kind of how they were classified. O, tone, exactly the same, right. they own, tooice for the dative, No, that's an alpha. Remember the dative plural was Tice? This is twice, only the Omicrons different. In Tuce. And I'm pretty sure if anyone's listened to the song, the noun song, that he does the feminine and the masculine in the song. So that's helpful if you've already listened to it, then this should be not completely new to you. Yes, it's Jerry. For the genital plural. I would have expected an omicron instead of omega. Here, there. Yeah. Here toate. I don't know. That's what it is. That is an answer. That's the gen. Yeah. It's just all I know is that's the genitive plural, and I don't know if, you know, that's. both are pronounced very, very similarly, you know, the pattern that would have expected there. Yeah. Yeah, there could be a morphological answer to that that I'm unaware of because there's a lot of people study, you know, how, like what was classical Greek like and what are the changes that happened kind of stuff? We talked about that first week about the evolution and the morphology of the language? I kind of.m I kind of expected stuff like this to happen anyway, like in any language, you have the rules and the exceptions. Right. And this appears to be a minor exception. Yeah. And this is just what it is. So that's what you're going to see, you in the Greek New Testament. So we begin with the nominative singular, Ha, Lagos, just like we learned, hey, hey, Cia,as. This is your This is the word, this is the root word, or not the root, but this is the laxical form, this is the dictionary form. This is the nominous singular. For nouns, the nominative singular is always, if you got a lexicon, if you got a Greek dictionary, and you look it up, this is the one that's going to be in there. None of these words are gonna be in that dictionary, you need to know the forms. That's going to be in there with definition and usage and all that kind of stuff., which means the word. Again, in the beginning was the Word, and I'm sure most did not all of you have heard that before, logas and, you know, we used quite a bit. But this is the nominative singular ha, Lagas. Instead of the A ending, it's an a ending for masculine. Ammicron Sigma. So we have ha Lagas to Lagu. We got circumflux over the article. the article, and the word at the same ending, to, sometimes in the Newestament, it'll say to Lagoo, sometimes it will just say, "Loo, but you're going to know what it is because of the ending. Tago. We see Daddy Ya subscript. Same, same as the feminine. It's there, it's letting you know that it's dative. and tan. So if I see in a sentence,agas, I know it's the subject. If I see tan, I know it's the direct object, but they're going to be translated the the word, the word, but how is it functioning in the sentence? The word of the word to or for the word, the word. Plural.. Again, the article and the word, the same ending. You see that, that double vowel here, just like in the feminine that's ending the word, alpha ioda for the feminine, omicron ioda for the masculine, tone Lagone. Again, same as the feminine, twice. and Tus Lagoose. We got you may see a goose out in the parking lot. just remember, you might see two.s. You might see two, look loose beating more than likely.. Driving to church, we had some turkeys at 13 Dequender, crossing the road right in front of ours. They were massive. The kids were like, it's Thanksgiving time. So this is the second declension masculine paradise. Hagas to, to go, Toman, O, to,. Everything we said about function and everything before with feminine is exactly the same. You don't have to learn anything new there. You are just learning this new words that end in these nouns that end in these endings, nouns that have these articles are masculine. And all the masculine ones, I'm saying all for now, as Yuri said, there are, of course, exceptions to learn along the way, but in your mind right now, you just think, these are masculine. With without exceptions, now to be formed that every single word has a potential of 24 different variants.s true. That's true. Well, it wouldn't be 24 It would just be depending on whether or not it's masular or masculine feminine. Yeah, well, eight times the feminines, the masculine and the neuter. But it'll only be masculine, it'll only be feminine, or it'll only be neuter. Right it won't be mixing masks. Exactly. Vagos will never have feminine endings. Okay. that's important to know. Yeah, yes. All the words. That' what I'm telling you. The words that you're learning, if they have, as you learned the vocabulary, whatever article they have, whatever dictionary form, they are only that form. So we should not words that are sometimes feminine or mine. No. There are going to be. They said, I don't I want to keep us where we are, because I don't want us to get distracted or feel overwhelmed. There are some words, none of the words that we're learning yet, but there are words that might be masculine or feminine, that kind of have kind of a weird looking thing. But the overwhelming... That's what I wanted to hear. The overwhelming... Majority, yeah, the majority of the New Testament vocabulary. And again, remember, I mean, the New Testament is it's a big book in terms of like, we don't know how to read it, so it's not just like a page. But it's a closed canon. There's not going to be anything added, there's not. We're not trying to learn the subtuent, which is massive right, in the Greek New Testament. There's only so many words that only have so many forms. And the hypothetical ones, like words that fit the paradigm but aren't in the New Testam, they don't matter to us, because we're trying to read the New Testament. We're not trying to know everything we can possibly about Gree Christian groups, start putting out their own Bibles with neuter for God. Yeah, right. They are yeah, those are those are bad translations that are.. They're capitulating to the culture, obviously, in the English. They're actually violating what the scriptures, I say. Right, and that's the argument against them, for sure. But, yes. So you're never going to see, hey, logge, ever. It doesn't exist.. So these are the forms of logas. There are no other forms of logos in the New Testament. and this is the masculine. Any other questions, I mean, I want I want you to I know you have to like, if you haven't already, read the chapter, if you want to listen to his lecture, or if you want to listen to the songs, write them out, whatever you want to do, but having talking through it now, does everything make sense that I'm pointing out to you? Yeah. Okay. Then let's do the neuter. I feel like we are doing good on time. Where'd my eraser go? All right, we're gonna keep all this the same, because this is all the same. I'm just gonna raise this stuff here in the middle, because that's the only thing that's changing for the neuter. I know, it's not it's a lot, but still, there's a lot that's the same. So again, everything that we spent time on with the feminine is all the same, all the categories are the same, how they function and the sentence is the same. Patterns. They are patterns. They are thequentions. That's right. So let's talk about the neuter. So the neuter and the neuter, they are part of second declension. So again, these are arbitrary categories, but as the is how they're grouped together. But neuter. So we talked about kind of the history of like softer, words are classified as feminine, kind of harder, more firm words, classified as masculine. So what does neuter mean? Neuter means all the other weird words that didn't seem to fit. Okay. Linguistically, right? We're not not even necessarily talking theology or biology right now or anything like that, just like how this languages evolved, and how the classification systems came up. So Tech non is the word given that's neuter, which means child. So the neuter article is t. And you, again, that was it. If you've looked at the vocabulary, that was part of the, when you were given the article, ha, hey, ta, this is the neuter nominative article." That's what you're going to see on every neuter, every neuter word, the lexical definition. If it's nominative, it's gonna be tough. Two, that looks familiar, doesn't it? It's exactly the same as the masculine. It's exactly the same. Toe is exactly the same, so nothing new, that you need to learn there. And here's where it's a little different. What do you notice about the nominisative and the accusative article?. They're exactly the same, aren't they? Yeah, they are. So the words are the same too. Did you see them? Tak non. Find his accents. So my wife doesn't have to always correct me. Even though I greatly appreciate the correction. These look exactly the same, don't they? In spite of my sloppy and writing, you could see it in your book. So that's easy. You don't have to learn two different ones there. That's helpful. How do we know the difference? Context. Context. The answer for the Greek New Testament is always context. Always. That's true for our English Bible, isn't it most of the part. That's where people get a lot of weird theology comes from not understanding context in genre and all that. But even the dictionary definition of the word is not what's going to govern the the meaning in the text, because words have semantic range. Words can mean different things in different contexts that's true in English. That's true in every language. In Gree, the context is always what governs how we're translating and understanding. Always. And so, if you're reading a sentence and you come to it, you're like, it says taught Teknon, how do I know if it's the subject or how do I know if it's the accuser, the direct object? The context? What does the whole sentence say? What is the whole paragraph say? What is the whole pericope say? What is the meaning? What's the point they're trying to make? So you don't have to learn multiple forms there, but if and when we get to translation context, it's the same. So that's the genitive tech new, again, same ending, as the article o, and techno. Same ending. So for the masculine or the neuter, you see this oo? It's genitive singular. You guys, once you learn it, you see you see it in the text, even if you don't know what everything else says. You're like, "I know that's a genitive. You're going to know that for sure. You see that "O with the Oda subscript? Well, that's a dative. I' may have to figure out what everything else is that's going on, but I know because those are so because they're so unique versus on oras or A or ah, that you're going to see a lot of that may not necessarily stand out to you. These stand out. especially, again, the genitive plural is the same for all three. Own. For all for masculine feminine and neuter, O is the genitive floral ending. So you're going to see that, you're going to know it's genitive flural. You may not know yet if it's feminine, masculine or neuter, you may not know yet, even what the word is, but you're gonna know it's genitive plural. Any questions on the singular so far? No, we're good, we're tracking. Well, I like a question like the exercise we did for review of chapter 2, where you said, what is the, like, we have to know whether it's feminine masculine or neuter. For some of these, like, for example, you know, like, um, you know, like the logos and Tekon, their genitive and data forms are exactly the same. So we would only know if it's masculine or neuter after we decide what the root word is then, right? So you're having to do the root word word first before you could even know whether it's masculine or neuter in those cases. And that's why we needed to know vocabulary. Right. You can see it look it up. If you see, you know, we all know Vlas, but if you see Logago, you said dative or genitive or dative. If you see Go and you don't know what Logos means, you're saying, okay, you know the endings are what change, so log, what is log at go in my now, I search online or I go in my lexicon or whatever, and I go to the lambus section and I see log and it's, you know, logos is going to be one of the options in. It needs to be aoun. It's not a verb. So But there also could be an article. I know what the masculine the masculine and the neuter articles are the same too, but the differentiation between masculine neuter, feminine, the article might be there, might help. But yeah, knowing the vocabulary is how, Jerry. swinging back to a previous question that you answered that words are almost always masculine or almost always feminine, almost always neuter. Yeah. This example, I could see this being all three ways. child. I could see a masculine boy or son, feminine daughter. Yeah. Or are those completely different words? There are words for son, words for daughter. Yeah, this just means child, yeah. That's the answer. Yeah, yeah. And they probably use this because child is the easiest way to understand of like, you know, when weain, don't equate this necessarily to biology or sexuality or anything, but masculine, like the morph morphology is rooted in understandings of male and female biology, you know, Harder words, firmer words, masculine, softer words, feminine. But child is a good example of like, we, though we don't we don't, you know, there's boys and there's girls, but we like, and we that distinction is important as we know. People, especially, I don't what I want to say in our day and age, because everybody says that about everything, but when you live in a culture where sexuality, they're trying to make it so fluid and, you know, by non-binary, whatever. But we do, so all that aside, all that aside, we understand there's a difference between grown men and grown women and children. There's difference in function sexually and all that kind of stuff. And so that's my guess is that this word is helpful for us to just kind of like, even if we're doing subconsciously connect those dots of like neuter, this is not use neuter. But there's a lot of neuter words. And again, the neuter words were just kind of like, what were the words that really didn't fit in the pattern? And this has the weirdness, you know, so it's they're like, these kind of words have this weird other pattern, you know, and so that's I think that's kind of how that evolved. And you see it again also with the plural, so T Tekna, tone Tekn again, where that's got to be the easiest for us, the genitive plural. tone tech. tooice. tech noise, same as masculine. Give him a circumpllex there. and t I'm just scribbling at the bottom, because I can't. Reach it, you'll understand. What do you notice about this in your book? Same thing we noticed about. the singular, right? Those are exactly the same. Tna. T ta Tekna, ta, Tekna. They looked different, but these look the same, the neuter, the accusative for both singular would say. So, really, for this paradigm, you're learning six, forms, right? One, two, three, four, five, six, go to the same. How do we know whether these are different? How do we translate them? Context. Always context. We see some similarities that are going to help us own boys, with the masculine. We know we're going to notice that these are the same, and so with neuter the nominative and the accusative are always the same, whether it's singular or pl plural. Any questions about the neuter? paradigm? No? I one feels good. Yeah. Kaylin. kind of pronouncing of the same for the further nominative, the plural and the singular, the beginning part is both taught. Yeah. So they're pronounced the same name they're once Yep. Yeah, because in our the pronunciation that's a great question, the pronunciation system we're using, which is from erasmus, the Erasmian, we pronounce the Omicron as Amicron. modern Greek pronounces it as O, so they would pronounce those two differently in modern Greek. And some people say we should pronounce quin a Greek as modern Greek, that's part of that debate stuff we were talking about before. You can if you want to. Nobody cares because nobody even really cares that we're in here doing this right now, right? But I'm going to pronounce it the same because this is how I learn to do it. And this is how if you take Greek at pretty much any Bible college or seminary for the most part, they're going to use the Erasmian pronunciation. So, yes, they would be pronounced the same because the alpha is pronounced ah as in father, not A, so. Yeah, ta, Teknan. Tekan. The article being pronounced exactly the same. And the masculine and neuter are pretty somewhere. Really, it's just your plural. nomrative and accusative. Great. Notice that there is some overlap. When you see that alpha, your mind's gonna want to think feminine. Right? The nominative plural ending, tech non looks the same as cardia. There's going to be clues. If there's an article, you're going to know that it's neuter, because the article for feminine, plural, nominative would be what?. Hi. So if it's high, high, it's not going to say high techna, ever. Never, ever gonna say that. It's gonna say T techno or it's just gonna say techno? Now, what if there's no article? You know you your vocabulary word, right? T now. Or you use. I mean, and let's be honest. Again, we want to learn this because we want to know it. When you're translating a lot of times, the gender isn't going to necessarily, it's not going to change your translation at all. So you're going a child, even if in your mind, you think that's a feminine, unless you're taking a quiz or something. or you mispeak to someone who knows what they're talking about and you're going to look silly. But other than that, but if you want to know it, which we do want to know it, knowing that Tekon is neuter and it means child and that's the word, that's how that's how you know. So there's overlaps like that. But you kind of know your paradigms, you know your vocabulary, like that's how we that's how we know that stuff. Any other questions? Generitive plural, same for all three. Lag, bonon, cardion, Tones. It's the same for all of them. You don't have to learn the genitive plural. Good. You already know it. Data forms all have Doda subscript and the singular. You see that Yoda subscript? It's state of singular. Every time, you see it there with these nouns. There is some on page 30 of your book, there's some morphology discussion. We're not going to spend time on that in class. If you want to read through the chapter, but he took and writes a paragraph or a couple of paragraphs about some morephology stuff. If you're interested in that. Okay, does does everybody feel okay right now with the second declension nowouns? Any other questions before we go.Cause I want to talk about one more thing before we do go. And I will let us go here in a few minutes, give us some time. Okay, if we're all good. I want to say one thing about this. It's in your book. You've been reading, we've mentioned it here before. We are not going to spend a lot of time on it because it is very, very rare, but it is worth mentioning just so you're not like, what the heck, bro? You told us this was all it. And now there's this other thing. You liar, and I don't want you to think that I am knowingly breaking the Ninth Commandment and being unrepentant about it. So we've said, so far, and again, I have mentioned this, but we've kind of been operating. We're going to continue to operate this way. We're going to continue to operate in our minds as if the nominative degeneritive, the data and the accusative are the four forms, okay? There is a fifth form, all right? It is called the vocative. It is very, very rare in the New Testament, and in a lot of cases with a lot of words, it is exactly the same as the masculine nominative, or the nominative singular, should I say, not just in the masculine. It's because at this point in the history of the Greek language, the Greeks were using the vocative and the nom nominative, like they were the same thing. They were just using them interchangeably. But the vocative is the case used for direct address. Isn't there a lot of a direct addressing in? There is. So why isn't that? It would mostly be, not as much as there is other stuff, though. It will mostly be mostly, not exclusively, but mostly be in the gospels, maybe an ax to some, where you have narratives, where people are speaking, you know, in the epistles, there is not as much direct address, just because of the nature of the literature, writing a letter versus a narrative, a story where someone is speaking to someone else. Remember, that we're not talking about the Old Testament here. We're just talking about the New Testament, right? And so the direct address would be like, for example, when you know, when Jesus says, when Jesus has this big following, and then all the big crowd starts to leave and disperse, and Jesus says to the disciples, are you going to leave as well? And they say,Lord, where else will we go? You know, you are the only one who has the answers. When they say, "Lord, Lord, c from our word curios, our vocabulary word, curi and the accent is there. Okay, there's the accent. Ce, we have nowhere else to go. Lord. This Absalon ending, that you didn't see in any of the paradigms so far. You can see that, it's basically functioning as like a type of nominative. There's even some debates as to how this could be classified, but we don't need to worry about that. But the vocative case is used for direct address, and the only, it's only worth noting in the masculine here. There's the neuter neuter is almost so nonexistent and that don't even think about it. But in the masculine, you have other words like, um, son, in the accent is over the epsilon. What else or Or like, the word oh? with the smooth breathing mark, so it's not ho, it's O. in the text it say like, oh, oh man, or oh, foolish Galatians, that word is vocative, that there's an address in the Epistles, but it's something like that. It would be something that eventually you'd come across and you'd be like, "This doesn't really fit all of the things that I know are like the majority of the text, anthropay. It's this, oh's different, it's justO, but when you see you see a masculine noun with it doesn't have any of the endings that're used to, the ones that were really working on that committed memory. You just see this epsilon, that's the vocative. That's a direct address. And in the context, that's, you know, that's going to fit really well. Questions about the vocative, because there are some Greek textbooks that you could get where in the paradigms that we've had so far with the nominative genitive data and accusative that they're gonna have the vocative listed as a fifth, but it is I don't know, less, it's sub 10%. It may be 5, 6% of the words in the New Testament, and it's very it's minuscule. Does that make sense again? Don't, don't. Like, know it, that's cool. It's in your book. Do what you want with it. Work on those masculine and neuter paradigms, though, and don't even think about this if you can't. If you don't have the time, if you don't have a bandwidth, as my wife's always says, for this kind of thing, then don't worry about it. But you can't accuse me of not mentioning it, okay? It's here, and it is in your book. It' in your book. I don't know if you mentioned it in his lecture or not, but.. One more thing, one more thing that we're gonna go. One more thing, real quick. The proper names in the New Testament are going to follow any of these forms, usually. They're gonna be you're just going to know them. Israel, Israel, Israel is not, they're not going to submit to the form for the sentence. I've been translating the last few weeks from Romans IV for sermons, and no matter what the case is, Abraham is always Abraham. Abraam. There's no there's no nominative endings, there's no accusative endings, there's no data endings. Sometimes there's an article that helps you out, which is helpful, but proper names are going to do what they do. They're not submitted, and a lot of the proper names are received from the Old Testament, You know, Daoed, all these words are like Greek transliterations of the Hebrew, pretty much. And that, I'm assuming that makes sense to you guys, right? Like, the forms and everything, like for names, names of people, names of places, they're not going to submit to that. Most of them, you're going to know, once you know the alphabet, and you can sound it out, you'll be able to figure that out. Some of them are a little weird, and you just got to learn what they are, but they proper names are going to do what they do. Yo, Joseph. It's going to always end in that fi, no matter how it's functioning in the sentence. Any questions about the second declension? Vocative and names, cool, you know it or you don't, don't really care. What you really want to know is know your alphabet, know your second declension, know your third declension. Dude, just do a little bit each day. If you can. If you can, I don't know, do what you can, because we're just doing this for fun. Well, good.. All right, let me say a quick prayer, then we'll go to church. Holy Father, we do confess and believe that the Word was in the beginning, that the Word was with God, and the Word was God, and He's the reason why we're here on this Sunday morning as we prepare now together for worship with Christ Community Church, we thank you for this class, for the opportunity, for your grace. To be able to study the New Testament, to study Greek together in our local church. This is a blessing, a gift from you, and we thank you for that. Lord, pray that you would just give us grace, perseverance, wisdom, rest, peace, as we do this, because we're doing it for fun and we're doing it with each other. We ask your blessing now, Father, on the word and on the Sacrament as we gather that you would be glorified, and it would be our four hour good, we pray. In the name of Jesus, and by the power of the Holy Spirit, Amen. Amen.