Chapter 8 (11.23.25)

Transcript

Next Sunday, we will have class for those interested. I don't think they are going to be any other classes going on, though. So if you have if there's an issue with you for that, like with kids or whatever, then do what you got to do, but we will have class next week. And next week we will review. We will spend the whole class reviewing everything we can up until chapter 8 to prepare for our break, because in December, we will not have any classes. There will be no classes at church at all, just church at 10:30. We will start back up the first Sunday of January, and on that week, we will again review before we move forward. Keep reviewing. Keep reviewing. Review is always good. Review is always good. I need you to go over the part after you said,Hi, my name is Alex. Okay. So start from there. All right, that's good. Yeah, we'll do that, we'll have most two weeks of review go 10.. But next, so next Sunday, same. we'll have our same schedule here. 915. have class. And then, of course, next Sunday begins advent, so it's exciting. Yeah. Today is Christ the King's Sunday. Happy Christ the King Sunday to everyone, the last Sunday of the liturgical calendar, which means that this is like New Year's Eve for church. And then next week begins the new year. We have all these different calendars in our lives, right? Like the course, of January to December calendar, that everyone uses in school calendars and Church calendar. Yeah, this is the church calendar, though theurgical calendar. And so that'll be exciting. And we're looking forward to that. But just as a reminder for class, we will have class next Sunday and we will review. Today, though, we're going to. What's up, Pete? You on duty today? Yeah, I'm on duty. All right, man. I was just telling everyone, we do have class next Sunday. Yeah, forever. Okay. Yeah. But then in the month of December, we will not have class. Okay, good. Today, chapter 8, we will look at prepositions, because while review is good for us, we also want to take steps forward too. We don't want to take too many steps back and not as many steps forward. So Doc, I was just reminding them that we're going to have class next week. So we're going to talk about chapter 8 today in chapter 8 is about prepositions, a preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to clarify that noun, or pronoun, to clarify their relationship to another word, or group of words in a sentence. And we, of course, have these in English, too. I can say, I am from Michigan, and that from is the preposition. It's connecting me to Michigan. I am from Michigan, or I went to Southern seminary. The word "to is the preposition. It's connecting me and my going, my verb of going to Southern seminary. Those are more concrete, we can have more abstract prepositions used even more abstract ways, like I am in love with my wife, in that word in is the preposition there. And so, Greek, of course, has prepositions as well. These little words. We saw them in our vocabulary last week, when we went through the vocabulary. In chapter 8 here, they give us 15 pronouns, and those these 15 pronouns in chapter 8 occur more than 10,000 times in the Greek New Testament. So this is important, right? There's a lot of nouns that in pronouns that need to be connected to other words. We understand that. And so it's important that we are familiar with prepositions. What's another important thing to note before we go through these prepositions, and these, of course, are not all of the prepositions that are in the Greek New Testament, these would be the most common prepositions, and then, of course, we begin somewhere and expand our knowledge in our understanding from there. But I do want to note this. kind of like we did last week, okay, just to kind of give us a little comfort as we're thinking about chapter 8 propositions, much like we did last week with contract verbs, much like we did with chapter 4, which was our overview of the verb system. There is a sense in which, with these prepositions familiarity is more important than r memorization. And there's a couple reasons for that. Number one is that these are so plentiful, as you, when you get to the point where you're reading through the Greek New Testament that a lot of times, like, you're going to see him so often that you're going to have some kind of general idea about what they are. Context is going to help you with that to see, you know, you have an understanding of how these other words that you're translating or parsing, what they are and what they're doing, and so you see these little prepositions that are connecting them and a lot of times you're familiar with the English translation, and so that, which is sometimes good, sometimes bad, right? Sometimes we it's a little cheat and we just impose that version on our translation instead of like doing the hard work ourselves to figure it out. But for the most part, the prepositions aren't the issues in there. And the other reason why familiarity is more important than rote memorization here, is that even these definitions that we'll see, that we'll learn that you'll look, you know, if you're memorizing the vocabulary, that you'll memorize through the vocab, these prepositions cannot be limited to the one or two English glosses that are given for the definition, because know there's no one to one correlation between languages and these prepositions don't always mean just the one or two English words that were equating them to, right? And so there are even some of these words, you know, even on the lists we have in chapter eight, that can have up to 12 different English words that would be a proper translation. So context is always going to it just as we say every week, context is always helping us understand what's going on in the text. So with that being said, unless does anybody have any questions so far, about? No? Okay. If that makes sense. Let's look at page 81 and we're going to talk about these prepositions. If you have or if you're planning on watching Dr. Plummer's lecture on chapter 8, he'll do a similar thing that we're doing today. A lot of these will be the same. These kind of like last week, how we had some tricks of the trade to try and remember the the contract verbs. We have some of those today for prepositions. Some of them will be the same because when I learn them, either in voice or Boyce College or at Southern seminary, you know, they were the same things that I learned or the ones that he gave I thought were kind of helpful. But again, it's, you know, this is one of those things kind of like we talked about last week. Give you an example of how to memorize it, but if you think of a better one yourself, you know, or if you're just into rope memorization or whatever, like, to each their own on that. But if you watch that lecture, he can he'll reinforce some of this that we hear today. Of course, we'll post this on our website as well. But in the book, he does not give any helpful. If you just read the chapter, he's just gonna give you the words. There's not He doesn't give any of those kind of helpful tricks to memorize them. So page 81, we see this first grouping, the one case prepositions. Appa e, and soon Ace andpos. These prepositions only take one case, okay? So when we think about prepositions in Greek, prepositions always take a specific case. Like, Apa and e, both take the genitive, meaning the word that they're modifying, the noun that they're modifying is going to be in the genitive. N, and soon, always take the dative. The word they modify are always followed by the dative, and ace and pros always take the accusative. That means that those cases, the genitive for AA and A, the dative for N and soon, and the accusative for ace and pros, probably won't be functioning the way that we learned originally, in the sentence, because their function here is that the preposition takes their case. So appa means from, that's one gloss, e means out of. They take the genitive. So for example, if there's a prepositional phrase in Greek, that means a preposition connected to the noun or the pronoun, there's a prepositional phrase in Greek with the word apa, followed by the genitive, when you translate it, like, for example, if it's the word theos, so you will see in your Bible, in your Greek New Testament, Apa Theu, right? Because it's followed by the genitive. We would not translate that from of God. We're dropping the of at that point, because the genitive is not functioning there as possessive. It's functioning as the preposition always, appa always takes the genitive. Does that make sense? Mm hmm. Okay, so and all of these words, we can see they have specific, and prepositions always takes specific cases. Never the nominative, never the nominative. It's always the genitive, the data, or the accusative. In this first bond, these are just one case prepositions, meaning, we can just memorize these. We don't need any tricks to memorize this. Appa always takes the genitive, and we can say it means "f." There's other ways to translate that, depending on the context, but our starting place is apa means "f. N always takes the dative, meaning in. Ace always takes the accusative meaning into, OK? So those, like on your vocab cards or in your book, it's going to give you the word, it's going to give you the definition. It's going to tell you which case it's taking. Simple enough. No tricks needed for those. These other two boxes, though are prepositions that take multiple cases. And when they take a different case, there's going to be a different gloss, a different definition. So we have two case prepositions, and we have three case prepositions. Dia can take the genitive or the accusative. If it takes the genitive, we're going to translate it through. If it takes the accusative, we're going to translate it because of, and moving forward. And the three case prepositions, at B can, if it takes the genitive, it's translated on, if it takes the dative, it's translated upon, if it takes the accusative, it's translated to. And so this is where these two boxes is where we can have some helpful memory devices, potentially helpful, memory devices for us to know how to translate it, you know, at a starting point. And we're always going to think about them in that order. For the two case prepositions, always genitive than accusative, or in the three case, always genitive, dative and then accusative. Any questions so far about any of that, Gabby? So now will the preposition like how it does typically in English come before, or is it still going to follow like typical Greek, it doesn't matter where it shows up? That's a good question. Definitely, more often than not, it'll be before. And there' usually right next to each other. Now, there may. I don't know, I don't know. It's a good question if the proposition is ever after the word there may be a proposition and then something else in between, and then the word, but the fact that we know which case it's taking is going to be a clue for us that that they're connected, but most of the time, they're right next to each other. But typically, as long as you can kind of find whether or not it's the genitive, the accusatives, the data, you would know how to translate that because you have what that noun is. Yes. Okay. Yep. Thank you. Yeah, you're welcome. Any other questions so far? No. Okay. So let's go through these, then, and I'll give you some little word pictures to maybe try to help us remember these. Like I said, for the first box, we don't need it. We just, you know, memorize that like we memorize all of our other vocabulary. And so let's start with the two case prepositions. Dia in the genitive is through or in the accusative is because of. So one helpful way that we could try to remember this is the word Dia kind of looks like day, or the Spanish word forday, right? Dia de los mos. we think of. And so we can say something like, I get through the day only because of the Lord, you know, or something like that. And we have through, we're always, our order is always going to be this, genitive and then accusative. We're genitive and dative and accusative. So I get through the day because of the Lord, or because of my wife, or because of my whatever, you know, and then then you'll know, when you see Dia, okay, I get through the day because of the Lord is the genitive or accusative? Okay.. That was that's the kind of, that's the kind of thing I'm talking about. Or makeup your own, right? Or just wrote memorize. But when I was learning propositions, I was every time, you know, those were going through my head, all the different ones I learned. And I can't remember all the ones that I initially learned, but some of them are the same as this. So then let's look at the next one. Kata. Genitive means against, and the accusative means, according to. And this is definitely one that I remember from my very first Greek class in college, and he said, cat is against a dog, according to nature." So kata is kind of like cat, cat is against dog according to nature. Yeah. Hey, Doc, if you remember any of the ones you wanted to, you can throw them in here. I'm really can't. Can't remember them? Okay. That's, that is definitely what I learned early. All right, Meta. Meta with the genitive is with, with the accusative is after. You could think something like I met with the pastor after church, or I met with so and so after whatever, right? Filling whatever's gonna be most helpful for you. Meta, like the word "me. I met with the pastor after church, or I met with my friend after whatever. With or after. Paris in the genitive is concerning or in the accusative, is around. So this one is a little more conceptual, but if you can think about, like a submarine and a submarine has a periscope, like Perry, a periscope, and the periscope is concerned with what's around the submarine. So the periscope, the function of the periscope, is concerning what is around the submarine. H pair in the genitive means on behalf of or in the accusative means above. This one, this one, I think I remember the one he has on the lecture, I think, is the same one that I learned in college and this one, again, is a little more conceptual, too, but he kind of tells the story of if you ever have been down south, you know, maybe in a small town, down south. Gabby's already smile. I'm like, whathat is this? Where is this going? I know I' telling well, you know, it's an option to memorize. Or if not, I don't know. That's it. It's just an option. And he says, you go, this kind. We lived in a small town. We lived actually, when I was I was a youth pastor, we lived in the middle of nowhere, nowhere. And then we moved to a small town. And when by a small town, it was 600 people, and there were six Southern Baptist churches in that area. That doesn't count the other ones. Ten total churches, I think.. because there was like aostle church, a Catholic church. a Methodist Church? House church remember that nond denominational church? Oh, yeah, there was a little non- denominational. And there were people who didn't go to church either of too, I'm assuming. Of course, people would come in from the country too, in other places, but yeah, a town of 600 people, six southern Baptist churches. That was our cultural context, okay? And but, you know, so everything you would imagine about a small rural town in Kentucky is what it was, 100%. So Plumber tells this story, you're in this small southern town, and sometimes, you know, you got that little southern twang, and words get shortened or words get kind of smushed together. And so he says, you imagine that you meet someone, and you see this house up on the top of the hill and this guy's coming down and he's going to tell you something, and he says, you say, you know, who lives up there? And he says, well, he says, my granny lives up there. Who there? Up there? I don't know. This one, is not as good, but I'm gonna give it to you because I couldn't think of anything else. And he's speaking on behalf of. who lives up there, above the town. I don't know. I have a good I think I have a good space jam one. Space Jam pair, right? It a Cooper? Well, yeah, except for our next one is going to be a basketball one, too. I was going to say, if you're Hooper like H Air is like a basketball hooper. and like, if you think about Space Jam, the cartoons played on behalf of the real basketball players, even though the other team towered above them. Yeah. There you go. Yeah. So you Space Jam fan. If you like Space Jam,. Hey, homage right here to MJ. That's good if that helps, because my next one's a basketball one, though, so I don't don't want to get confused, but that was pretty good. Hoopah, the genitive by and the accusative under, and so you think of hoopah, a basketball hoop, that you, if you want to make a basket, unless you're Steph Curry, you got to shoot the ball either by or under the hoop. For me, that's the only chance I've got. If I wanted it to be in, I got to be by it, or I got to be under it. So, maybe two basketball, maybe two basketball ones for us this morning will be helpful. Okay, let's look at the three case prepositions. We got Epi and Para.. Epi and the genitive means on and the dative meanson and in the accusative means two. So think about like someone who needs to use an EpiP. If someone needs an Epipen, they will have it on. They'll have their Epi pen on them. If it needs to be used upon them to resuscitate them, okay? On upon or two for the epipent. And finally, prah in the genitive means from, in the dative means with, in the accusative means beside. So think about a parachute, you, you jump from a plane with a parachute and you land beside a tree. You jump from a plane with a parachute and land beside a tree. Maybe that's helpful, maybe it's not, maybe you can think of better ones yourself. You'll watch the lecture, and some of them will be the same. I can't remember how many.Cause like I said, some of them, I remember from before, and some of them, he, I thought his, I couldn't remember anything, and so I just used his. But again, with these, like, being familiar with them, especially here at the beginning, the first time we're learning them, is important. Like, we don't want to, when we say familiar, we don't mean you just read the chapter once and come to class once, then you never think about it again. But this is not as important as knowing Lu, Luis Lu, Lu and Lueta, Lui, right? Or knowing, Fet, F, Fet, like those things you really, there's gonna be so much that you want to really know your cases the best you can. With these recognition, and then having just kind of like a vague idea, okay, it's probably like meta, meta meanswith. You know, meta meanswith. Like, even if that was like the bare minimum, you remembered, and then if the context is like, well, with seems weird and you, oh, yeah, it means after, or, you know, whatever. Like the context is always going to dictate this because they aren't one-to-one English equivalents, right? These are propositions are words that are moving us forward. They're connecting words and ideas together. And so don't feel the pressure on this as much. Be familiar. You know, look at it, see, see see if you can kind of have those helpful memory devices, but do not stress your self out on that. So does anybody have any questions about any of those or any better word illustrations that you thought ofselves or? I't work. That'll work? Pretty much. You have an thing to remember our possessions in English. Okay. a time ago. Yeah. Once had a teacher is the relationship between a mouse and a house. Yeah. mouse can go through the house, over the house, by the house, under the house. Yeah. Through the house. There you go. Yeah. Still with you. Yes. Still with you. the house. Yeah. Yeah. I seem to when you see him is most helpful in translating that you know it's like you know that it is a proposition. So like, you know then you can start processingination. Right. If you know the other, the cases, then I think it usually like it lines up. My guess would line up better with what the actual bow chart would. Yeah. Just in transit, like singing, like you' meaning, okay, here's there's a proposition. if I know and out and you then, you Right, orbs. I know these are like, you know, relational terms in this text that I need to Yeah. That's good. That's helpful. Anyone else on that? No? Okay, let's look at page 82. We need to note that some of the prepositions we talked about this with contract verbs, we've talked about this. I feel like we've talked about this before with other words too. I can't remember, but they are variations. When words are touching each other, if they don't sound the way that the Greeks wanted them to, they, their variants. They change them. And so look at 8.4, the form variations. You'll notice with the kappa, when it's touching a word that begins with a consonant, that's what we're going to see is. But if it's connected to a word that starts with a vowel, that kappa is gonna change to exci. So we'll see x. And no difference in meaning, same word, just looks different because they thought it sounded better. And so that might throw us off at times, but again, that's another one of those where even if you're reading or you're translating and you're like, I know what this is saying, but this looks weird to me, you know? Like, well, like I this looks like it's you know, it looks like it's from God or from whatever, but like that word, that proposition looks weird or whatever, you know, then like, like Dr. Brett said, you can start trying to figure that out, but, yeah, that's why they're changing and it does not change the meaning at all. Additionally, in the next grouping, we've seen this before that if it ends with a vowel and the word is modifying starts with a vowel, that last vowel is going to drop off. So Dia becomes D. D angalia, Pa becomes pair with that with the apostrophe. So that's going to happen again, no change in meaning, but they didn''t want to have too many vows there, I guess, touching each other. And so that's what happens if it ends with a vowel. Which that's like exactly how our apostrophe functions in English as it takes out that the o usually, of like cannot is cant or you know, is don't. So it takes out the bottle, yeah. um And so, yes, that's helpful for sure. I'm trying to remember this next part, here at the bottom, if you have a word and you'll see this at the bottom of the page, but if you have a word like Appa and the next word starts with a vowel. So we know that Omicron is going to drop off. but if whatever the preposition is, if after that vow drops off, if we have a pie or a towel, they're going to aspirate. They're going to change. And again, this, for them, I guess, is what it sounded better. So you have kata and then a vowel, right that elf is gonna drop off. And if we have a py towel, we're not just gonna get an apostrophe. What's going to happen is the pie is going to turn into a pie, the towel is going to turn into a theta. Same word, same meaning, just form variation based on how it sounded to them. And page 82 is covering all of that. Any questions about that? Yeah, we look at apostrophe, the kind of like the breathing mark is from the breed marking the data there, that's part of the spelling to that the The what? That's part of the spelling, too, where, like, you know, we're not just. Yeah, the apostrophe? Yeah, yeah, absolutely. It's always going to be there. Yeah. It's always going to be. If you look at the top of 83, piece has all those two. Yeah, good call.rity. Is this only about pronunciation or do they actually change the spelling? And it's. Oh, yeah, it changes the spelling. Okay. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, yeah, like in your Greek New Testament, you will see if this situation is happening and saying, apa, you Angon, gospel, ora, well, let's look at this. Apa. Yes. Wait, Apa is one of the singular. They use hon 82 Hammeron? Yeah, 82. At the bottom. Oh, yeah. So you can see it there. Off, hey means from the days, not from of the days, right? Because the genitive is just taking the case, but that's how it will look in the Greek New Testament.. Yeah, different stuff. almost like a contraction. Yeah, yes, exactly. Yeah. And that's what Bethy was saying, same thing. And we talked about verbs that remember all the rules last week from contraction verbs and why they're doing it because follows are crashing into each other and they don't like how they sound. Same thing with the propositions. You see it, you see it often, again, the more familiar you get with it, you're not you're not even going to think of it. Now, if someone were to ask you, like, why is that doing that, maybe you'll have to, like, remember this class or this chapter, or maybe you'll see it at some point, you'll be like, thisis looks weird. I know what it I know what it's saying, but it looks weird. Like that's the reason that's the reason why. With all these contractions and certain letters, vowels vowels touching each other, certain letters like pi and tao. My guess is they wanted, and again, I don't think this was ever like formally, like voted on and discussed, right? This is just how people talk and how how language evolves. But there's a smoother transition, right? than op. You know, you just kind of, keep it going. It's just, we do the same in English. No doubt. the same going too, we say, "Gana, or Ghana? Right. Because it's because it flows out easier. Yeah. Even though it's wrong. Yeah, right. Yeah. Up there, right? Down south, lot of them down, a lot of them down south. My some of you, no, my sister, Holly, who lives in Tennessee, she's. When when did she they move down there? It's been.. the end of 2020, I think. Or no, the end of 2019. So it's been like five or six years. But she before that, she lift her whole life in like Madison Heights. Okay. So she's like, born and bred and raised Detroit and. She's been down there for like five years and when you talk to her, she's like sounds like corn bread now. I mean, she has she has completely embraced the vernacular of East Tennessee as if that's all she's ever spoken. So yes, it happens a culturally right regionally, and like, it can be easy to, when you hear it all day, every day, you know, we can all do that. When we live down in Kentucky, it got real easy to say y'all all the time. Just everyone says it and they look at you weird if you don't say it. If you say, you guys, or whatever. And so, yeah, just kind of, so there's that cultural dynamic too, but but for specifically, as we think about these contractions with prepositions or even the contract first before, like whether we remember all this moving forward, like this, the reasoning behind the evolution and why that's happening and why it's going to look weird is the aesthetic appeal for them and how it sounded and so that's what they did. Yes, Jerry. Now you're making me think, just like we have regional pronunciations that even spell instin go with it. Yeah. I'm wondering if Greek does likewise. If they have regional. You know what's funny, D? We had our Greek cohort this past Wednesday with Mike and Andrew and Kevin where we were doing the same thing. Mike asked that same exact question on Wednesday. And the answer I gave him is, I don't know, I would assume, like, for our purposes, right, where our purpose is reading the Greek New Testament, right? So we have this closed canon where everything is as it is. Was it all the same everywhere? The coin E Greek at the time or were there different dialects and slangs and stuff? We don't know. I mean, I don't know, I guess that you could say. I don't know if you could find some other extra biblical texts from the time and try to look at them and see, but I would assume that there is, but I don't know. I don't think so too. I mean, imagine something from talking to someone from the Bronx. Yeah. Yeah. There's a big difference there. Now a lot of people who say, well, big country, right? But I know from experience it happens in smaller countries. When I visited Germany, I found out that during in the South versus the north. Now, those people can hardly talk to each other. Yeah, yeah. That's funny. Yeah. When I first went to college, went to Boyce, my roommate was from Southwest Arkansas. We're still friends with him and his wife. They live in Tennessee now. I was with him from college all the way through the doctoral program. Like we were, you know, we did our whole education together, basically, from Southwest, Arkansas, and we had another friend down the hall who was from Calgary, Alberta, and they could not understand each other. When we first, like met and were talking and stuff. And so, yeah, we experienced that in a real time. Okay, page 83, let's talk about compound verbs, because not only do we have these prepositions that can come before, words, and be connected to them with nouns or pronouns, but some propositions can also be prefixed, two verbs, and they become compound verbs. If you look on 83 there, for example, Ecbo is made up of the preposition, e and the verbbo. And all of the prepositions in this chapter, he says,cept for an opion, which means before or in the presence of, that is not that does not compound with the verb. All the other prepositions, though, can be compounded to verbs. The proper prepositions is what they're called, and he's improper prepositions are verbs that are never prefixed to a verb. And there are other propositions in the Greek New Testament, besides the ones that are in this chapter, because there's a lot, and we have, how many did we say were in this chapter 15? Yeah, 15 pronouns in this chapter. There are other pronouns, of course, but all of them, except for in this chapter, except for an opion, can be connected to a verb to make a compound verb. If a proposition is connected to a verb to make a compound verb, there are four different ways that it's it can affect the meaning of the verb. So number one is that it can give the verb additional meaning, like the example of Ecbolo. See their number one in the middle of page 83. Ak means from or out of bo means I throw. So ebo means "I throw out. That's the two of them coming together, the preposition and the verb forming a compound verb, are giving that verb additional meaning. The second way that it can affect the verb is that the meaning can be intensified. He says, like the verb, catalo means, "I destroy." So, what does kata mean? A cat is against a dog, according to nature. So, but the difference, the genitive, the noun cases for our propositions aren't affecting the verbs here, right? Because these aren't nouns. These are verbs. So preposition is never going to modify a verb, just as is. But it can contract and make a compound verb, right? That's what's happening here. So what we're talking about. So if there's an intensive meaning, Kata means, you know, against Luo means, it means I lose or, it means, it can, what are the other, it are the other glosses that it gave for Luo? I lose, and then there was another one. I can't remember. Like, maybe break or something like unloosing. I can't remember what it is, but what's happening when Kata and Luu are together, it's intensifying the meaning toI destroy, not just "I loose against, but I destroy. And of course, we do this in English, you know, two, where words, can have intensive meanings than the original. Nothing's coming to the top of my head. I was ill prepared for that. But again, this is something that all languages do where just in the evolution of words and how they're used, what we want to guard against, this is this is the point here of going through this. This is what D.A. Carson, and a lot of people would call the exegenical fallacies. By the way, D.A. Carson has a book, a little book that he wrote called Exegetical Fallacies, where he goes through all the different all these different rules or ways in which people can misunderstand and misuse the Greek. There are fallacies. They're not shrew when it comes to the exegesus. And one of those exegetical fallacies is that with compound words like this that we can we just take like the gloss or the dictionary definition of both words, and we say, this is what this actually means. When that's not true, when, you Paul, when he or John or whoever, when they would write, Katsalo, they weren't thinking about the root and the history of all the words. They were saying, "Destroy, because that's the word that everybody used for destroy, right? And so that's an exigetical fallacy. That's something where we're trying to outsmart ourselves when the truth is that's not the intent or the purpose whatsoever. So Katsulo is an example of an intensive meaning. These two words came together, this preposition, this verb, and an intensified the meaning. The third one is that there's no change in the meaning whatsoever. Eberoto from Eroto, like if Epi and Eroto came together. It just, that people just started doing that. They were by by the time that the New Testament comes around in Co A, the words just mean the same thing. There's no, the contraction of the preposition is having no effect on the meaning of the word. They just mean the same thing. Or there can even be an unrelated meaning. The the preposition, contracted with the verb, has created this whole new word. Annaonos means "I read. So, Anna, what is what is the he doesn't have that on the list? I can't remember what the gloss for Anna is up, maybe, or back. I can't remember. But a gonosco means to know. And you put these two words together, and the word anagonosco means I read. Because that's what it became, and that's what it is, right? And so this is, again, this is just, for the purpose of reference. This is for the purpose of kind of understanding the background. Like, when Anagonosco is in vocabulary, when you know that, when you find it in the New Testament, whether or not you know, this is a compound verb in Anna means this, and Ganoso means this, and it came together, and it has an unrelated meaning. Whether you know that or not cool, like, what do you need to know? It means I read, right? And so in background, background information, morphology, understanding, that's what we're doing here. He also does some morphology here talking about how at the bottom of 83, how compound verbs are augmented with the preposition, kind of like we've talked about before with contract verbs. You can read over that you if you want to understand it more. and if you do and you have any questions about it. But again, this isn't this isn't really going to make or break whether you can, like read the Greek New Testament and translate and understand it. This is like, you may see a word that kind of looks weird. It looks unf familiar, and you figure it out or you look it up or whatever, but he's given kind of more detailed explanations to why that's happening, the augment and why there's going to be an AA instead of an alpha, you know, or an epsilon. Okay, let's So I have a question. Yeah. And the compound verbs, the four different types of meanings, is that just memorized per vocabulary word, or is there a way to use context to tell if a word? Like if it changes the meaning or not? We'll no, like, you could memorize that, but really what he's it's not like. it's not going to matter as much for if you're trying to translate. So, like if he's just telling you, for Ekcbo, if you know Ecbo means I throw out, that's all you need. That's all you need to know. Like, into translate. He's telling you why when Ekk and Bo come together, or when these others come together, why it's giving additional meaning or why it's intensifying or. But like Ecbalo is just going to be a vocabulary word. Okay.s. So like, because like, if you're going to like, number four an unrelated meaning, like, how are you supposed to know that it's unrelated if you've never seen the words before and you're looking them up, would you, like, how would you know that? Yeah, well, if you're looking it up, Anonos would be a word in the. It's not like we'd have to look up the preposition and look up the root and then put them together and try and figure it out. Any of these compound verbs are going to have their own dictionary gloss. ever. So when you're looking in the school forms of wood agosco be under Gosco, or will they be under the alpa? Alpha. Yeah. It would be begin because it's these combumbers are their own words. We're just talking about the history of how the word became. Yeah. So it's not like they came together because it's a preposition and a verb. It's its own word, by itself. It's not By the time of the coin A Greek, it was its own word again. At some point in history, they came together, yes, but in terms of like, again, like, whether John was thinking about that or not, or like same like that we have words where you're like, what's, you know, I don't know the etymology of this and, you know, and so it is its own word with its own meaning. It's taken its own life, but that's, again, this is just kind of telling us how that happened as we're learning prepositions. And if you're looking at it, if you look at the word at Bo, you're like, if you're being thoughtful, you're like, oh, this is e and this is ball together. If I know those two vocabulary words, but that's where like having seen and heard and talked about this is we don't want to fall into the trap of just assuming, okay, that always means the wooden definition of the proposition and the wooden definition of the word are going to be what that is. Because like with Anagonosco or other words, they've just taken on a life of their own, and they mean what they mean. Yeah. He's helpful sometimes we'll use phrases like, you know, wouldn't translation be, you know. I think it's helpful person point that like, like that's actually not, it's not translating works, even like not language is conveyed. So like um, just a plug that, we also will say stuff like, you transit by literally.. like, you know what I mean, again, you're going to realize like what translating is, you know, because that X- kid' matters too sometimes translating. There's transl' transliterating something, you're actually missing the author's point because you're trying to do apples to apples. Right. Yeah, exactly. Any other questions on that we got? Because we got one more thing we want to note on page 84 The different usages of the prepositions. There is a preposition can be used adversally, meaning the preposition is answering a question, answering the question of where, when, how, why, John 859, he went out of the temple, is answering the question, where? Where did he go? He went out of the temple. So that's the adverbial use of the preposition. The adjectival use is modifying a noun or a substantive. It's answering the question of which or what kind. John 544 The glory that comes from the only God is the translation, and the English translation translated that comes from as the preposition there, but the idea is like It's in Greek, you're going to see it substantively like the preposition is modifying, you know, the noun, or it's modifying the, yeah, so it's modifying the noun God in John 544 Let me see if I notice is then followed by two Manu Theu. So that phrase, the only God, two is the Manu, only Theu God. That's all in the genitive, right? We see that. That's because it's following Pera. So this is a prepositional phrase that is giving us, it's further explaining the Tane Dachan, the glory, what kind of glory? Which kind of glory is it? The, which is from the only God kind of glory is what it's kind of saying. And then then like Dr. Brett said, we smooth that out in English. What is that trying to say? The glory which comes from the only God? See? So that's that's it's adjectable. You know, adjective is describing, right? A noun, or a pronoun, or a substant type phrase, you. So that's prest used that way. And then, thirdly, prepositions can be used substantively, which is what we call a prepositional phrase, meaning the whole prepositional phrase is kind of functioning as a noun. First John 215. says, do not love the world, or the things in the world." The phraseento cosmo there. is governed by the is governed by the neuter article ta. See it in the Greek ta and to cosmo And so that ta, that neuter article is functioning as a noun, like, just like the things is how we're translating it, right? But it's it's he's saying, do not love ta in the world. Like, like, fill in the substant basically. And the translators say the things. But basically what's happening there is that whole prepositional phrase is informing what the ta is, what's ta, the ta of the world, the things of the world, the insert anything, the mindset of the world, the loves of the world, the design, you know, all of that is what he's saying. And so the the prepositional phrase is that's how it's functioning there. Now, we go through all this, and I don't want to I keep saying something like this, and I don't want it to sound like none of this is important or interesting or helpful, but I also want to give perspective because you guys are not in a class where you're going to have to take an exam that's going to affect your grade, that you're paying for, that you need to graduate for. You know, like, there's not that kind of like pressure or culture in here. And so not to minimize these descriptions or further information that we're getting, but I do also want to remind you, like, so for this whole chapter and everything we've gone through, what's the most important thing for you moving forward, most important thing, is for you to be familiar with the prepositions on page 81. That's the most important thing, not even that you need to necessarily have all these glosses memorized, but that you like Dr. Brett said, that you understand their prepositions, you understand what's going on, that they have these cases, and that way, yeah. Da means through. Dia means because it like, yeah, I get through the day because of the Lord. You know, like that kind of familiarity, that is the most important thing for moving forward, having kind of a good baseline to be able to open up first John. And when you get through this book, to be able to open up First John and really be able to translate it with some help, but a lot of familiarity. All right, any questions about chapter 8? No. Next week, 9:15. Actually, do you guys want me to read through the vocabulary real quick? Please. 8.8. Okay, page 87. Autas, A, A. That's the masculine feminine and neuter. You see endings. Is he, she, it, self, or same? Aut? Ego orH means I orwe. He is the plural.W, ego, is the singular I. H or ha, is who, which, or that. That's the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter.S, or H means you.S is you in the singular. H is you in the plural. Artas meansbread, or food. Dasune means righteousness, or justice. Ine meanspeace. The name Irene. It's Ine, peace. Exusia means authority, right, or power. The lasa means "lake or sea. Laas means "people, or crowd." The word " ladyity.has" means "way" or road, like the Exodus. Wakia means "home, dwelling, orf. Okas means house, householder family.Ahelmmas means "I, like offthmology. An example of a longreek word with a short English gloves. And tapas means place. Okay, next Sunday, we will have class 9:15. We'll do review, and then in December, we will not have class. All right? Okay, uh, Doc, why don't you close us in break? And the father, we come this morning, we are we excited for what we have us this morning is we gather for Christ King Sunday, wecknowledge, the Lord Jesus is our king and as we study the Greek language, we pray about it you and continually give us the gift of knowledge that we would learn and grow in our studies. And so that we could eventually get to the point where we're reading the Bible in a tongue that it was written.. We thank you for Dr. Allen and for his preparation. We just pray God that you will use this time together, and even as we edge the service this morning, to build Christmunity Church into the image of Christ. You mold us, it's to live as Christ would have us to live. We pray that the Word this morning would we motiv in this, to go back into our community and to spread the gospel in that as we enter into the season of Hen next week, we just pray God that you would remind us of the beauty of the gospel. And we ask it, would Jesus in your name, we pray by the power of your Holy Spirit. Amen man.