Greek Class #2: Chapter 2 (09.14.2025)
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TRANSCRIPT
Doing OK? No one, you all who are here, at least didn't quit yet, so. Seriously, considering it. Yeah. Yeah? Everyone, how did how was how was it? How was trying to learn the alphabetful. It's intense. Be honest. Yeah. Let's be honest. Let's be honest. How was the week? How glad of not being. Yeah, right. You're not being graded. Wait, this is good idea. Yeah. How did we feel? How did we feel trying to what did we do? Did we write it out? What are some different things we did to try to get the alphabet? Flashash cards?. Yeah, modest singing. Yeah, was the songHful? Yeah. Yes. Sing well, trying to write, you know, let. Not fully helpful. Not fully, but helpful. Not fully, but helpful, okay? Fair, fair. We're being honest. This is okay. You can be vulnerable here. I, I don't know who else had to deal with this, but as an engineer, I've dealt with a lot of Greek symbols. Yeah. represented various things, but they were always the upper symbols. And these lowercase symbols, a lot of them are difficult to write. And they're incredibly different from their uppercase in most cases. They're very, very different.. And so learning a new and so learning a new alphabet when all you've really been refusing all your life is the Latin alphabet. Yeah. This is kicking me in the butt. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Well I' shame to say thatilities are not what used to. Oh, man. Yeah. For real. If we all had the spongy brain of a child, right? Right. Oh, yeah, sure. and this up a lot easier than we hear. Yeah. Well, we're we're gonna do an experiment with it because Sophia said that she wants to learn Greek, so along with all this class, and then there's another little group that we have that can't meet in this class because they teach classes and so I'm meeting with them at other times during the week, and Sophia is part of that. And so we'll see. If she becomes a Greek whiz and we're all just trying to keep up, we'll know, and that's at least part of it, right? Yes, Jerry. I was wondering if there's any additional methodologies for learning the language, because what we're doing here is based on, oh, you're you're an adelo already, he knows English. Here's what we're going to do. I'm going to teach a child in this man. Yeah. You know, you'd start with a six spot run. Right, yeah. Yeah, that's, well, what's interesting about that is with languages that you're speaking. So right now, like, our boys are taking Spanish in middle school. And, you know, they start, it's very conversational learning pictures, and that kind of thing. Yeah. Right, right. And so I'm not sure. I could look into that. If someone has put something like that together for Coin A Greek, the problem with that is this is a dead language, in a sense. No one is speaking this kind of Greek. If you were to go to Greece today, they'd be speaking modern Greek and not coin A. And so our exclusive purpose in doing this is to be able to read and translate the New Testament. I will look into that, though. I will see, because what we're trying to do, obviously, I hope at least this is conveyed is life. This space here is to give this is supposed to be the helpful part, the element, the community, the flesh and blood conversation versus you just reading the book or watching the lectures online and doing all that on your own to have something like this where we can kind of communicate that and help each other in that way. So if they're I'll look into that and see if there are any other.. Biblingo, I'll do that personally recommend them having them because they do that thing where they make it impossible to cancel. But as far as the actual half and everything goes, it's not, I didn't find it very good for running like the grammar side of things. Okay. vocabulwise, it was very good.. I had to had a little short video clip three second video clips and pictures and go along with the words and things like that. Well you do have to purchase it. Yes, once they get you, they get you kind of thing. Well, I mean, I just took my credit card. Okay. Yeah, I can't recommend it from the side Okay.. Gotcha. Well, if you want to look into that bib lingo is what it's called. Okay. That's good. And then maybe that will help supplement with things like vocabulary, what we're doing here. It was good idea, and I don't know how much anyone else. Sure other than me, I'm actually used to just reading a new topic. Yeah. But it's always been in English. Yeah, right, right. other Latin-based language. But like I said, this alphabet along this at night. Okay. I think something that helped me is like the vocabulary words here at the very end. Like, for example, like life is Zoe. And so like Zoe, you know, is like life. Zoology. So, like, it's almost like, okay, I want to know what the word is. I mean, we all we have all heard agape, like that word a million times. And at the very top, that is the word for love. So what for me, what's helpful is like trying to decode the words because for me it's like, okay, like, I know what some of these letters are because they're similar to English. The ones I get tripped up on, let me just go reference that, and then put it into the context of a word, so that as I'm like looking through it, it's easier for me to recognize it. Like Daxa is, you know, glory, doxology. And then cardia is heart. So like cardiology. So just like looking at these vocabulary words and trying to say, okay, I do know these letters, but these ones I don't know, let me just go look it up and reference the sound and try to sound it out. That's been helpful for me to learn the alphabet by like putting it in the context of like problem solving almost or like solving a puzzle, you know, so it's a little bit more like stimulating them, like just rote memorization, I think of solving. So that's been something that's been helpful for me. Are they teach, like adults like, you know, when English that are foreign to the country, you know is this kind of the same way?, you? Yeah. Yeah. Having never experienced that, I'm not sure. Someone like you said may be helpful for those kinds of questions. Who you know, someone who's had that experience. And so this is where Bethany's helping me along the way and anyone else too, please feel free to reach out, where, you know, I'm teaching this for the first time, and I've experienced it multiple times in, like the Bible College seminary setting. And that's so like, I did that and multiple times, and that's all I really know. And so any ways where people are like, hey, you know, we might need to slow down, or like, it'd be more helpful, you know, any kind of like tips, tricks, input in that, you know, in that vein. I I'll gladly received, because my brain wants to default to, okay, we're teaching this just like a seminary class, you know, and I'm so I'm trying to also remember, like everyone isn't doing this for a grade. Everyone isn't just living within the context of seminary all day, every day and taking multiple classes and, you know, everyone has life and work and family and that kind of stuff. And so yeah, so any, she's helping me with that, but anyone else who has any any suggestions or thoughts along the way, are you recording this yet? Okay. We're recording this for the website. I don't know if anybody went to the website, saw the transcript and the audio is on there. So I want to read a verse for you guys, kind of last week we read from the Lord's Prayer. Read a verse for you, and then maybe any any more questions you have about the alphabet or the review if anyone did the review stuff, we could talk about that, and then we'll look at chapter two. But again, if you're like, well, hey, man, I don't feel like I've fully have chapter one on lockdown yet, like the alphabet. I don't have it like the back of my end. That's okay? That's okay. This week, if you're looking at chapter two, you know, look back to the alphabet, too. Keep doing it. Like, keep, keep reviewing it until you feel like you got a good grasp on it and sing the song and go through your cards, write it out. It's okay, you're not getting quizzed on the alphabet for a grade today. We're just trying to learn this, to know it. And so we are a little more structured here, like where we have this class and these classes have start dates and end dates and all that kind of thing, but also, there's there's no urgency in terms of any of the other stuff. So don't worry. Don't worry. Let's all relax together, okay? Let's take a deep breath, breathe in, hold it, breathe out. I have to do that a lot lately, so I learn all about that, so it's okay. It's okay. It's okay. This is a safe place. This is a safe place. It's a safe place. We can slow down. We can see if we want if we want to take this at half speed, because that's what we all need. And then run it back next year, if everybody wants to, you know, keep going. Like, we can, there is no urgency here. We're doing this for fun so that you all can read the New Testament in Greek. That's the only goal here. So Akuna Matata, right? means no worries. Revelation 22, 13 says,Ea alga,, tell us. I am the alpha and the Omega. the first and the last, the beginning and the end. Of course, that was quoting Jesus himself. And so let's remember, and we talk all the time here at our church about how the Bible is all about Jesus. That's our number one non negotiable, our starting place, and everything else, we believe in practice flows from that. It's all about Jesus. And Jesus says of himself, "I am the alpha, and the Omega. I am the A to Z. So even as we're learning the Greek alphabet, let's remember, this is all about Jesus. He says of himself, "I am the first and the last, I'm the alpha and the Omega. All of this is about me. It's encouragement, because it's not about us, ultimately. It's not about how firm a grasp you can get on Greek to be smart or to read the Bible or whatever else. This is about knowing and loving Jesus better. So good encouragement. Okay. From the chapter one, the alphabet, the Rino we already kind of have been talking about this, but the review, if anyone did the review, does anybody have any any questions, anything else you want to talk about, any clarification? I do have Yeah, DeM. No, no, yeah, Deanna, then Brandon., we talked aboutip. Yes. And so what's the difference between proper and improper dip thongs? Proper and improper dips? Is that mentioned in the chapter? I don't... I was looking at it one more just to let, like, more clarification on it. Yeah. And so I was just confused. I don't know if it's like too far. I don't know. Yeah, yeah. It might. You know, honestly, I don't know. I'm not sure exactly what you looked at, Were you looking at something specifically for coin in Greek, or was it just. Greek, yeah. Yeah. No, that's for right now, we definitely, what you need to know, because there are nuances in all of these things that you could dive deeper into that could potentially confuse us right now. Okay. So and I just to use an illustration, like right now we're starting to gather tools, right? Tools to accomplish this task. And if you were to give somebody a bunch of different tools, hammers, wrenches, you know, power tools, even, but they didn't know how to use them properly. You know, we could hurt ourselves, or we could make a mess, right? And so we don't want, like learning the dipthongs that we have in the textbook and just thinking, going into this, okay, this is what we need to know. These are the diphthongs, and anything else, any other nuance is that are going to be more like intermediate grammar or even advanced grammar type things, like something that may only happen once or twice in the New Testament. We don't want to burden ourselves with that yet at this point. That's a great question, though, becauseause with every chapter, there's going to be stuff like that. There's be, because what the chapter's giving us is the general the general rules. This is elementary Greek. This is the basics, and there's going to be nuances with everything, but we don't want to start collecting tools that we don't know how to use yet, and then we're stressing ourselves out. That's a great question, though, because I'm telling you with every chapter, you're going to have potential, things like that, where you're like, well, wait a minute, this says this, but in this one verse, you know, I looked it up and that's not the case. There's all sorts of things like that. But we we want to get the building blocks, and then build from there, because there's plumber, this red book, he has a green book that you can read after that, that's even thicker, that's that's gonna give you more nuance on each of the grammatical cases and verbs and syntax and things like that. So great question. There's going to be a lot of that along the way. But for right now, if you look at the ones, the diphongs in your chapter and think, these are just the ones I need to know, then you will be good. You'll be very good. In fact, right now, this may feel like, man, this is a lot. We got this new alphabet we're learning, and there's these dead thongs and all this stuff. But let me encourage you. Over time, you won't even.. It'll be second nature. If you were to tell me right now on the spot, what are all the diph thongs? What are all the letter combinations that make up the exclusive dipthongs? I don't know if the top of my head, if I get a could bring them all. But I tell you, when I read it, I recognize all of them. I know when a two letters are vowels that are making one sound or two sound just by reading it. I know that when I read you angle Leon, gospel, good news, that that Absilon and that osilon are making one sound. I know when I read the wordtheos, God, that the epsilon and the omicron are making two distinct sounds. And there's not a dysis for thaos, but I just know, because I've seen them over and over and over and over again. And that's what will happen with you. This alphabet will become second nature, and what they look like, how to sound them out, if you're not there yet, it will, over time. So just be patient, be patient with yourself, be patient with everyone else in the class, and it'll it'll come. Brandon, do you have question? Yeah, I didn't get the ass last week. What was that called you said about?. I forgot who said that. Maybe it was Luther, about understanding the original languages and getting closer to Christ or Yeah, it was Phil Melanhen. Luther's disciple. What was the call again? Or you don't. Yeah, it was something like, you know, when we're we, something, something to the effect of when we use or study or know the originals, Hebrew and Greek, then we're closer. We're closer to understanding or to knowing Christ. All right, and my question was, maybe there's something that talked to you after. Maybe it's like a lered question, but does that arise to the Greek subuit? And with it being rich 200 B.C versus the moreratic, which was written like 700, 800, and the Hebrew version in AD. Why is a marette used over the Greek? I know the Orthox, it's a degree, but why is that, like, not in the props and circles at the Greeksuchin is not used. Yeah. That is a big question that we will talk more about, especially in our class on textual criticism and understanding that. But for the Greek Orthodox church, it's because that's their language. And so at their language and their tradition, and so they use that for everything. The Septugen is helpful for us. It's helpful, especially in that a lot, you know, a lot of scholars believe that that's the Old Testament that Jesus and the apostles are referencing. But we the Old Testament was not inspired in the Septptuugen. The Old Testament was inspired in the Hebrew, and there are small portions of the Old Testament written in the Aramaic, but it's mostly Hebrew. And so when we say that a text when we say that the Bible is inspired by God, what we mean is that the original autographs were inspired. The Hebrew that Moses wrote, the Greek that John wrote were inspired, and so, we want the oldest manuscripts we can find, because those copies, those translations, are the closest to the original inspired autographs. And in so far as they reflect the original autographs, they are giving us that they are the very word of God. And so that's why the Septugen is helpful, super helpful. Everything we're learning is confined to the Greek New Testament, so there's a lot in the Septuugen that we're not going to cover, that we'd have to kind of learn on our own or use different resources. But it's very useful. It's just not the inspired. The Old Testament was inspired and written in Hebrew.. So yeah. Any other questions? about, yes people. It's not related. Do I need to grab more coffee? It's finished. Does anybody want more coffee? No. Anybody want more coffee? No, I think we're good, bro.. Questions about review? Anybody, or did everybody feel okay with the review who did it? about the alphabet? Does anybody feel confident enough? If not, it's okay. Does anybody feel confident enough to come write the alphabet on the whiteboard? No. Okay. I say that. I meant to write it, but do you feel confident enough to say it? Are you looking at it, though? No, I'm. Okay, that's okay. That's okay. I think I could do it. You think you could write the alphabet out? Yeah. You think you could? Oh, please. Okay, I should You want to you about this. I believe you. Anyone, it's okay. I was just this was just a curiosity for me.. We'll see if this teachers pet can get it done. Not just for me, she's been that her whole life. Oh, that's true. She doesn't care about it specifically be me. It's like, have you my glass the teacher had a son in the class on the hand for shirt.. Hi.. She did it. Did I do it? Wow. So you took the advice of the book to learning in groups of four. Did you find that to be helpful? Um, I did, and when I sang it, I did it in groups of four. And I realized my Z is backwards, too. Well, the twinkle song. We know what it is.. It well, actually. Yeah, that's true. And I feel like every time I write my Zeta backwards, which I do, I always think of our kids like writing their letters backwards, like when they're learning them.. So like, Annabelle always writes her Fs backwards. So I just said that. Well, and remember too, I think I said this before, but if I didn't make this clear, because if someone did mention about the difficulty in learning to write it, don't stress out about that. You don't need to make it look like the book. It's your handwriting. It's not print, just like your font, your handwriting doesn't look like Times New Roman, right? Same thing. Don't stress out about that. If you know what it is, you're not showing it to anybody else. I'm not collecting your work, you're not getting graded. If you show it to somebody who doesn't know Greek, they're not going to know what they're looking at anyway, right? The goal is for you to read and translate the New Testament. The goal isn't for you. You're not a scribe, right? Your job isn't to copy the New Testament so that we can preserve it. But that's been covered, all right? You're all set. We don't need us, no one needs us to do that. That's, that's more than covered. So, don't stress out about that. You use the marker. Okay., let' let's start's start with chapter two. Talking about chapter 2, and again, it's Don't worry, don't worry if you don't got chapter 1 locked in. There's nothing but time. You have the rest of your life to do this. However, the Lord ordains for how long for you to live, you have time. So, as I believe it was Jerry, who mentioned this, and this is important, we're going to be doing this along the way. Part of learning Greek, especially, you know, Greek grammar, just kind of where we're starting, the vocabulary, is we need along the way to refresh ourselves on English grammar, because I'm going to assume that you, like me, are not an English grammar. PhD, and maybe some of you are just awesome with English grammar. You got it locked down. But maybe some of you aren't. And I know when I first took Greek, it was like I was taking Greek and English. What did they call it at school? What do they call it? The kids' class at school? E E. E. English languageangu Arts. I felt like I was taking Greek and ELA at the same time, because I was relearning, relearning English grammar. And so that's what we're going to do because that's in order to understand the categories of the Greek, we need to know the equivalent to English, right? And so we're going to do it. So let's start with a sentence and let me. Is there a way that this board twists up the end? We do this just so I'm none. that having to bend all the time. I'm gonna write this sentence. "And my handwriting is not as good as hers. So forgive me. Okay, this sentence. off through the ball to St. Brown. In English, we know whether it's just intuitively, and we can't' we're not able to describe it or whether we actually know in the categories. We know just by reading this sentence that... Goff, Jerry Goff, Jerry Goff, Jerry Goff. Goff is the subject. He's the subject of the sentence, okay? If you didn't know that to be able to label it, you knew it intuitively in your mind. Because you speak English. Jerry Goff. Goff is the subject through is the verb. That's what he did. Verb. It's what you do, right? Who remembers the, uh schoolhouse rock? Schoolhouse Rock. What's it called? Yeah, School, yes, I think, right? Yeah, then I was my mind went to School of Rock.. The Schoolhouse Rock, verb is what you do. The ball is the direct object and St. Brown, or two St. Brown, more specifically, is the indirect object. Because the subject is doing what he's throwing, this thing, this direct object, he's throwing the ball to the indirect object to St. Brown. Now, in English, we know all of these things, all of these classifications. Again, maybe you could describe it, or maybe it's just in your brain, and you don't really, you just know it because you speak and read English. Based on the word order of the sentence, that's how we know it. Because the subject, verb. object, and then indirect object or whatever else is modifying the sentence. But this, you know, like this subject, the bare bones of this sentence is golf through the ball, and then he's throwing the ball with the modification of the ball is two same round. Okay. He's got the subject, the verb, the direct object and the indirect object. In Greek, the word order doesn't matter as much, because all of the words, especially the nouns, are given markers at the end of each word. Greek is a very inflected language. We talked about that some last week when we talked about accent marks and how they would pronounce the words historically and almost kind of sing the words, right, with the acute accent mark, your tone would raise, with the growl, your tone would drop, with the circumflex, it would rise and fall. That's the history of the exit mark. seat. Now the ex marks just show us where to put the emphasis on the word. But because it reeks of lit very inflected language, it's not as rigid as English. They would have these nouns would be modified by these markers to let them know what each part of the sentence was doing. So, hypothetically, we could have these in English, too. We don't, but if we did, then, for us for English, it wouldn't matter the word order. If we knew, if we had these markers, so. we could, hypothetically, um, have a sentence like this., let's see. Where's? I think they'll leave enough around the list. Appreciate your patience. Just right this out real quick. Okay. So if in English, we have these numbers and the sentence look like this, the Baldoa to St. Brownio, G. You understand what each thing does, based on the market. What? a speech. It could be Yoda's speech, and you could these two sentences would mean the same exact thing, wouldn't they? Go through the ball to the same ground, the Baldo through to St. Brownie own G set. If we had those markers, you would understand. Does that make sense to everyone? Because I don't want to if someone's like, whoa, whoa, what are you talking about? I want we want to move at a pace where we're all getting it. Does that make sense to everybody? We don't do this, but if we did do this, you would understand this sentence. This is Greek. This is what Greek does. It marks all the words, and we're going to start talking about the nouns. It marks all the words so that the order, the order does not matter, Brandon. So with subjects, do they have to when you have like a I hope doesn't make any sense, it might not. But when it comes to the subject, if there's a noun that's used after the subject, does it always refer to that subject or could it refer to another person? Like, for example, Daniel 70 weeks, at Saturday that Messiah after 6, 69 weeks, he will be cut off. And then it says that he will or says imagine the people, the prince will, you know, destroy the city, and then it says, he will make a firm covenant with the mod." But the person destroyed the city was not Titus, rather, it was Christ, so that's something I I was studying, like the Daniel 70 weeks, kind of like the he part. Yeah. And how it changes the that whole thing. Yeah. Well, first of all, that's a great question. Second of all, that would be Hebrew. So, or maybe Arama, I don't know, some of Daniel's written in Iraic, so we'd have to talk exactly. So that's not Greek. But specifically with Greek, this is the general rule. Again, there's nuances that that we could get into at a later date, that you could research yourself, but this is this is the general principles that we're learning right now. Is this going to be in every situation, it's going to be like this where you've got the the marks for the.. You're always going to have the marks. So it doesn't matter what order the words are in. No, for you could change the ball and put it at the end and golf in the middle and you still know that. Yes. You're always going to be able to know it based on the marks. And again, you don't have to worry about writing it yourself. You're going to try and figure out what the tax says, so it's locked in, right? We have have an enclosed corpus here that we're working with. Yes, and so if you haven't yet, opened up to chapter 2, Aaron. So I'm assuming it's that way because there was no punctuation at all. So it was that you were able to read it it was written, right? So there was no periods or, right.. All the punctuations artificial. And again, the reason behind it, I don't know, like, it's not, I wouldn't say it's merely because there was no punctuation. This was just the way that they spoke. Okay. And, you know, the evolution of language and the way that they wrote in, and again, remember last week we talked about the whole kind of history of the Greek language from all the different, you know, from the proto- Indo-European to the linear B, to the classical Greek, to the Co A Greek, to the the Byzantine, to the modern. And so language evolves over time. And so this was the way that they communicated And so if you'll you notice, if you've opened up this chapter 2, there's these paradigms that we see here for the word phon and for the word cardia. I don't know what page that's on, but if you haven't gotten there yet, open up to those. 'cause this is where we're gonna start. We're gonna start with what are called first declension nouns. Now, don't let that freak you out. like, what the heck are you talking about? First declension nouns? What that means is we're talking about nouns. We're starting with nouns. and like the clension, declension just means pattern. You've studied other languages, you might be familiar with that. Declension means pattern, and these first declension nouns that we're talking about are feminine nouns. Chapter 3 is masculine and neuter nouns. So when we say, first to clension, what we mean is just, this is in Greek in general, there are three patterns for ounce. feminine, masculine, and neuter. Feminines, first declension, masculine, second declension, neuters, third declension. These are just arbitrary classifications. There's no intrinsic biblical meaning here. So when we say first declension nouns, we mean feminine nouns." They't start with us. Yeah, first declension, feminine. Good memory device. They. These nouns, like in English, in Greek, if you look at your look at those paradigms there, there's all the nouns, there's a number, a gender, and a case in English, we have similar things. We have cases. We just talked about the cases, the subject. The direct object, the indirect object. Again, even if you don't know these classifications already, you swim in these waters. You understand how the sentence works. We also have a number when we talk about nouns, right? You can say, there's a boy, or you can say, I have three boys. And that ass at the end, signifies to you plurality. It's more than just, it's not singular, it's plural. Gender is less frequent in English, less applied to nouns. There's still some nouns that we use, where there's distinct and gender, you can go to a restaurant and the person seats you can either be a host or a hostess, right? So there is some gender, though we have a lot less of that. Now, if the gender gender of words doesn't necessarily equate to how we think of gender, like in terms of sexuality. They're just the classifications. So probably historically, they start, you know, languages, languages evolve certain words that are classified this way because of the obvious distinction between male and female that we see in the word in the world, and words that are have kind of like a harder ending or a harder meaning or a harder sound, we're classified as masculine, words that have a softer sound, we're classified as feminine. It and that's just kind of how people intuitively did that. You have neuter words, which are kind of like more neutral feeling or neutral sounding. And so today, chapter 2 is about feminine nouns. feminine noun meaning this is all female, related stuff, but this is just how these words were classified based on their sound. And so if we look at the paradigm, man, we don't want to run at a time here, the paradigms, what page is that on it, in case someone's not. Paradigm are 19. Page 19, if you're not there yet. So we have these different. This is the way that it's the way you're looking at this now is how you're always going to look at these different now paradigms. So this is just get familiar with this and know for feminine nouns, this is what it is. Okay? We're going to look at phone and Cardia. These two examples they give, what we're about to talk about applies to all feminine nouns. Okay? So there's nothing hiding in the bushes for you in in terms of generally understanding this. So we have the nominative, the genitive, the dative, and the accusative. These are the cases. The nominative is the subject. Nominative means noun, or naming, the naming case. And in general, this is your subject. Now, if you go home and you Google a bunch of stuff about Greek nominative, they're going to give you all these other kinds of obscure classifications in a way that it's used in random placed in the Bible, but don't drown in that. Just start here right now. The nominative is the subject, okay? The genitive the genitive conveys possession. And when we' you see in the translation there, like of phet, the genitive of the voice. So it's generally possession. There are other applications to it, but we want to start here. It's the possessive. The dative is the indirect object or the I'm sorry, the direct object. Should have read the reason. The dative is the direct object. Go through. I'm sorry, the accused it is the direct object. The data is the indirect object. cough through the ball, to St. Brown. You'll notice in the paradigm, Dative look over two or four, The Voice. The indirect object and the accusative is the direct object. Go through the ball. The accusative is the ball. It's the direct object. So if we look at this paradigm, here you have the singular and the plural. So we've got our case, just like that we talked about English, we're going to have singular plural, just like we talked about in English, host, hostess, boys, or host and hostess in gender, I'm sorry. Boy or boys, singular plural, boy or boys, girl or girls. And then we have the gender, which today is just feminine. We're not talking about masculine. We're not talking about plural, we're talking about feminine today. So don't worry about any other genders today. Today, focus on cases and singular plural, and we know that this is in the feminine. So for the word phon, which is a feminine word, denominative, which is, if you look this up in a lexicon or a dictionary, this is the gloss. The feminine is always, that's like the baseline of the word. That's the dictionary form of the word, is the nominative singular, and everything else are all of the applications. So the nominative is considered the purest form of the word. Everything else is how the word is inflected, how the ending changes based on usage. So, in your Greek New Testament, you will see in your paradigm,,. All of those are in there. Based on how the word phon a is used in the sentence, is it the subject? Is it the genitive possessive? Is it the indirect object? Is it direct object? Is it singular or plural? They're all in there. And so how it's used in the sentence will be, like how it looks, will be based on how it's used in the sentence. So we have and you can look at this, or if you even want to write this while I'm writing on board, you have a practice, if you want to grab one of those notepads, or if you have something already, you have all of this is what we call a paradigm. It's a collection of all of the different forms. Hey Bonet, taste Bonon, t T. Singular. These are all the articles. Articles is like the word the in English. It's the definite article In the New Testament, sometimes a word will have the definite article, sometimes it won't. These are the different forms when when that does have the definite article, it's helpful because even if the word looks kind of confusing to you, these articles always look the same. These articles that you see in your book that we're putting on here, they never change. The article is what it is, even if the word looks different., taste.on, nominative plural, nominative feminine plural, tone phone. Notice the circumflex in the genitive and the dative. ties sp nice. Let me see here. And T. bonas. The voice of the voice, two or for the voice, the voice as the direct object. The voices of the voices, two or four the voices, the voices, as the direct object. And you notice with Cardia, it's the same thing, except for instead of ending in AA, cardia ends in an alpha.c the feminine forms always, always, the nominative, the dictionary, the lexical form, always ends in Ada or alpha. That's those are what we're classifying as feminine. Other words are gonna end with other endings, but every word that ends in Aa or alpha, in the lexical form, in the dictionary form, in the form that you'll see on your flashcarts, the forms that you're learning your vocabulary, you noticed that as if you look through the vocabulary from last week, all of the words ended an Ever alpha or Ada. Except for, you know, the conjunction. It's like kai, that we learned her day. But all the words that end in Ada or alpha are feminine words, and they all follow this paradigm. So, if you a hypothetical. Greek sentence that's not in the Bible, but if something, there's a sentence that said, God is the voice that's made up, okay? But if there was a sentence that said, God is the voice, it might say something like.. Hheas G, Ein is ten phon name, your voice. Haas, Ein ten, God is the voice. In that sentence, why does it not say, "Haas est? Why does it say? Why is that form of phonet? Why would that be used that way in that sentence? Because it's the direct object. God is the subject, Estin is that's the word to be. The voice, tain v name. Otherwise, it could be the voice is God. Like. If the English sentence is the voice is God, hey, F, Einon, which is masculine. Theos is masculine. We'll talk about that next be a different form. But if the sentenceences, the voice is God, hey, Fet, because it's the subject, the nominative. If God is the voice, tain name, because it's the direct object. Same word, depending on how it's used in the sentence. There is a helpful song, I will send it to you all, or if you've already accessed the website or the YouTube channel. that plummer or whoever did it has for memorizing the feminine, the endings, the feminine endings that you can apply to any feminine word, that's to the tune of Amazing grace. Helpful. Everybody knows it's on "Amazing Grace. What is soon? A, A N I own You could apply it to the card, the Elva. I own. Notice with C, the plural endings are exactly the same. for Bonet. The articles are exactly the same. The only thing that's different is the singular cases, based on whether it's Ada or Alpha. A good rule? I don't know if this is a good rule, because again, you don't. Like, our goal is learning the new Testament, which is a closed canon, so you're not having to like, make this up on your own. But there is this rule that's called the Alpha Pi rule, that someone came up with, I don't know who, but how to tell if a word ends in Ada or alpha, you'll notice this with cardia as well. And it's called the Alpha Pi rule, because it's all words before the ending, before the this inflected ending. So these are the endings. Also notice that notice subscript in the data data. You won't have to memorize that to know when to write it? Because it's all in the New Testament, but the data always has you a subscript. We talked about last week, that Ioda that comes down at the end is not pronounced. It's just there. You're just gonna see it. So when you see it, you just know that's what it is. You don't have to know how to like when do I write a Neotota subscript? Never. You're not writing the Bible. You're reading and translitting the Bible. But these endings, so before those endings, this feel kind of warm in here, is these stems, foam, and then the endings change. This fo is all the same, right? All the words have phone. Fi Omega new. Everyone sees that? The endings are what changes. If there's a feminine noun, that in this spot, the spot right before the stem, the inflection is either row, ioda, or epsilon. That's why it's the alpha pi rule, 'c rowe looks like P, and then deod looks like I, Epssilon looks like E. Then it is an alpha word. It's like cardia. It's not phon A because of the row, the yoda or the epson. Don't know if that's helpful, because again, you're just going to see the word, and you just need to know, but if someone does find that helpful, then there you go. Let's use the example of voice here. Okay.. Is it ever written with just those three letters? Is say that again, I'm sorry.. written with those three letters? Just phone. No. Okay. That's the answer to my question. Now, it's gonna be. No, there's not. Got to have the extras. Yes. For today, but the extras let you know where it goes in the sentence. True, yes. Okay. Always. I get it that. Yes. So if you're just learning vocabulary, you're going to learn the nominative singular. Every vocabulary word, you're going to see in your book is the nominative singular. Because that's what is in every Greek lexicon. Every Greek dictionary. We'll talk more about Joe's later when we talk about resources, but yes, that's what everybody learns. For all of history, when people have been studying Greek, even other modern Greek and whatever else, but especially the biblical Greek, scholars, pastors, students, everyone who's ever learned Greek. This is what they learn. You can pull up Greek grammars that were written years and years and years ago, and chapter 2 is always going to be, usually, the feminine, first declension. Maybe they'll do masculine and neer before, whatever, but there's always going to be a chapter on this, and this is what everybody has always, how it's learned. Any Any other questions right now about this because I know it's a lot to read the chapter, watch the lecture, if you so choose. text the group, call me. If you feel like you're drowning, but this is, I mean, these are these are the basics. You're gonna no matter what this word is, because all these are going to be different based on your vocabulary, bone, carbia, doxa, whatever. All of these endings are always the same for all of them. The article's always the same. The plural always the same. These endings are either gonna be Ada, or Alpha, but also like everything else with them. The accents, the sigma on the genitive, the new on the accusative, that's what's changing. Okay? Any questions right now. So it's helpful to memorize these because it makes it quicker for you to recognize them when you're in the text. You could always like, look it up. It would just take you longer. But like, it's just to know what they mean, really. It's your tool and your toolbox kind of. So you don't necessarily have to memorize it. You just have to know like what it's for and when you see it recognize that like you might need to go look up what it's for. Like in the beginning, you know, like as you like start to translate it. For vocabulary. Yeah. If you don't remember as the vocabulary, you can look up every single word as you're going. That's going to be excruciating. Yeah,r. It's like. And for these forms, so if you've got something like logos or I'm sure there's like other Greek websites that will parse it for you, and then you'll know, you kind of cheat. That's That's fine. But then you're not really learning it, right? I mean, if you want to like know it and really learn it, and when I say parse, what I mean is so you take this word, bon, hey, bon. To parse a word means, and these are this will be in the exercises if you want to do them. It means to tell me everything you know about this word. So for hey F, this word is a feminine, neuter singular. Nominative, I'm sorry. Feminine, nominative, singular. of means the voice. That's what parsing the word means. So if you have the word cardion, cardion, what case is that? A cardion? What case is that? Cardion. Accusative. So if we know it's effeminine, we'll only talking about feminines right now. This is a feminine class today, all right? All feminine nouns. It's a feminine, accusative, singular of cardia, because we' it's always of the nominative case. The nominative is your baseline. That's the gloss. That's the purest form of the word, which means the heart. Feminine, accusative, singular, of cardia, meaning the heart. If we were to parse the word taste bonace, that is a feminine, dative, plural, of ph a, meaning two, the hearts. If we were to parse, taste phase, that is a feminine, genitive singular of phony, meaning of the voices or of the voice. So, and then parsing, what's the point of all this, right? When you come across a word in your Greek New Testament, and you want to figure out, okay, where does it fit in the sentence, is it is it singular or is it plural? It's understanding everything that you can understand about the word. and in your exercise in the book, if you choose to do them, will be doing this more as we go on. So. I know we gotta go. Iard mions with the article, the article, the hey, the taste, the tay, the tain, those are the definite article. Again referring to the English word, Greek words can be in the text without the article. You know, maybe it'll just say phonet. It won't say heyey, fonet. It'll be anarththus, meaning no article. And basically, as you translate as we go on, we'll talk about this more. But if you're translating with or with the article's there, and but the word, the sound weird as you're translating in English, like it sounds like it doesn't fit, then you just drop it. Or if it sounds like you need the article in English to make it make sense in English, you just add it. Because there's no one. This isn't math. This isn't engineering. There's no one to one equivalent here. These are two different languages, right? And so that's why there's so many different translations of the Bible, right? So we're just trying to make it fit. Any questions about that, you can look ahead, there's more vocabulary at the end of this chapter, probably, I haven't glanced at it yet, but I'm assuming masculine and neuter words because that's what the next chapter's gonna be about for you to look at, get familiar with words that end in or on. How does everyone feel right now? Oh, whoa, whoa. A little overwhelmed? Does this is Yeah. Yeah. I get it. It's It's new. It's a new language, guys. That's I'm telling you what you feel, and maybe some of you were just like, "Man, this is easy, no problem." That was not me. When I first sat in elementary Greek at Boyce College in the Fall of 2008, I felt what you feel. And I was gonna get graded. Those exercises were gonna be turned in for a grade, and I was gonna take a quiz. and I don't try to say that self righteously because I was I was like, oh, crap. Like I I really got it. I actually wasn't. In because this book is newer. It's published newer. We were using Mounts book in, which I have in my office of Fame wants to look at it. But it's basically the same thing. Just a different author, a different publisher. And then in seminary, Plummer was writing this book in the process. It wasn't published yet. And so he would give us some of his transcripts, but we also used Dave and Alan Black's grammar. So there are multiple grammars. But, like, when John Bobuca just went through this not long ago, he used this book at Southern. I'm not sure if Brett did, because I don't know when Brett took Greek, but yes, and all of these books are basically the same with different nuances., yeah, but I know, I know what you're feeling. I do. And, like I said, don't let it stress you out, please. Please, I don't want you to quit. If you have to, because of life or whatever, it's not gonna hurt my feelings. I get it. But if you feel like this is too much, or I feel too overwhelmed, don't quit. It doesn't matter. We'll keep reviewing this stuff. We'll keep going over it. We're in this together and we're in it for the long haul, okay? Gabby. Are those listed on those flashcards? Yes. Well, if you buy the flashcards. Because I don't think you talked about that's for this book, you can order flashcards and there's like a like you were talking about. There are. I'll bring those in next week. You can look them up online. I think maybe I sent you guys a picture of it., like, when we were getting started. There is a set you can buy of flashcards that accompany this book that have all the vocabulary, and they have flashcards of all the paradigms. web? Yes. We can post it on the webp, I can text you guys.s, I think is where I reordered. Yeah, okay, cool. You can order them. And again, if that's gonna be the most helpful for you do it, seriously do it. Or you could write out this paradigm on an index card, and then just review it that way. If that's more helpful to you, if you don't want to spend the money, if your own handwriting is more helpful to you, whatever. You could get a piece of paper and just write write it out. Write it out, you know, ten times, whatever. Just like anything else, like reviewing, writing, reading, hearing, hearing the song, A N I own eyes O. Whatever helps your brain, that that wasn't good tone and melody, so don't be discouraged, you know, whoever has the YouTube video is going to do that better than I can. But all these different ways to learn, to let it just seep in. So this week, if you don't feel like you have the outfit locked in, look at the alphabet some more. Write it out, look at, review it on a cart, and then look at this and do the exercises. read the chapter. There's a link to his lecture of it, which I'm sure is probably way better than mine of it than all these different ways that you can just immerse yourself in it whenever you're a free time. Do 10 minutes a day, do 15 minutes a day. Whatever, don't feel like I have to sit down for an hour and do this. One of the books had this quote in Brett said it last week that ten minutes a day is better than 70 minutes a week. Just living it. Just live in it. Don't view it as a task to get done once a week. Just live in it. Just make it part of your every day, a little bit. Okay? Any other questions? Hey, I love you guys. This is fun. This is fun, I promise. Even if it doesn't feel fun right now. This is fun. This is fun, and we're in it together, okay? They saw little personal white boards, do, I think, at like the dollar store or something, and that can be helpful to just be like not feel like it's permanent or like you're taking notes is like, oh, let me just practice on the whiteboard. So that could be helpful for at home too. It's like, just go find a little whiteboard. Yeah.. Okey dokey. I'm going to say a quick prayer, and then we'll go to church. I know it's 10:25, but you all know we never, ever start on time anyway, so don't worry. Make sure you have to hit the bathroom if you. All right, let's pray. Our Holy Father, we want to pause and give you thanks and just reflect and thank you first and foremost, always, for the good news of Jesus by which our sins are forgiven and we receive the gift of eternal life, by grace alone through faith alone in Christ alone. And Lord, we offer up this class, we offer up our study and our reflection to you in worship. We know that your son, the Lord, Jesus is the alpha and the omega that even the language that you sovereignly ordained the New Testament to be written in this coin a Greek, that as we learn it, that we are learning Christ, that it will show Christ to us in the text, and so we thank you for that. We ask that you would give us peace, that you would give us, grace, that you would give us perseverance, that you would give us fellowship, Coin Aea, to do this together, all for your glory and for our good. We ask your blessing on the service as we go to the Word in the sacrament this morning, that you would sanctify us, that you would be present with us in the preaching of the Word and at the Eucharist. We pray these things, Father, in the name of your Son Jesus, and by the power of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Amen. you, Spencer.. Oh, thank you.