Greek Class #3: Review of Chapters 1 + 2 (09.21.2025)

TRANSCRIPT

is review. We're going to review today. So let's more, what do you guys want to review and where are you at? So did you start it? Okay. Hey, let's pray first, though. Ask the Lord for his help and for his grace, for his mercy, patience. Father in heaven, thank you for the good news of Jesus that saves us from our sins. We always want to keep the gospel message at the forefront of our hearts and minds and our deeds, everything that we do, everything that we say, because it is the truest, truth in reality. It is the reason for which you created all things. And so we give you thanks for Christ and for his life and death and resurrection, and for the hope that we have, for the forgiveness of our sins and the hope of eternal life. We ask you, Lord, that you would bless this class as we review together this morning, that you would show us grace and mercy, that it would be fun, that it would be challenging, that we would learn and grow so that we can read the New Testament in Greek and so that we can see Jesus in your Word, which is the ultimate goal. We pray Father in the name of Jesus and by the power of the Holy Spirit. Amen. Am. Okay, so where's, let's just let's just riff for a minute. Let's just talk, and let me say, I said this to a couple of you guys on the way in as we were checking in. Mike and Pete. And we can just continue this refrain throughout the whole class, this reminder of don't don't let this overwhelm you. Don't let this stress you out. You all have real life that's going on all the time. Kids, grandkids, jobs, family, bills, whatever else. This is fun for fun. This is a hobby. This is something we're doing together. You're not doing it by yourself. You aren't losing any money on this. You're not paying for this class, thank the Lord. Just the book. Just the book. Just the book, but you, you get to keep it, so that's. Yeah. You're not, don't have to worry about a grade. You don't have to worry about graduation. All that stress is out. So, whatever. You learn as you go, you have time when you have time. We're all doing it together. You're not alone, okay? So I understand that and anything new where you, you know, kind of jumping into the deep end of the pool with something you've never learned before is going to be difficult and it's going to see potentially seem overwhelming. Especially to, and I'm not saying you're doing this, and I hope I'm not doing this conveying this to you, but when it's something tied to scripture and the nature of, you know, you don't put the pressure on yourself of, oh, I'm excited to read the New Testament in Greek, to read the words that they wrote, but now this is really hard now I'm not going to be as good of a Christian as I thought I was going to be, if I'm not going to be able to do this. Don't, don't beat yourself up with any kind of legalism, with that kind of thing either. And I'm not suggesting anyone has, but that certainly can be, you know, when we're dealing with things of this nature, you know, the scripture and God, Christ, we can go one of two roads with it, right? We can do well and excel and then foster self righteousness in our hearts of like, I'm better than other people. I'm a better Christian than other people, because I can't do this or doing this or I'm trying to do this. Or we can fall in the ditch on the other side of the road of despair and why am I not such a good Christian? Why can't I do this? You know, don't, let's try to keep each other out of either of those two ditches, right? Because this is the English Bible we have is God's Word. 2, it reflects God's word, and this is growth, potential growth, but you have life too, okay? And I understand that. And you remember that, too. Don't Don't let yourself be overwhelmed. So, who how's the last couple weeks gone? Several weeks gone for you guys? Have you read through the chapters? Have you not had time? Have you done exercises or no? Have you reviewed vocabulary? There's no shame here. Don't feel like if you give a certain answer, someone's doing better than you. No one has your life in your responsibilities, okay? So, how have we all done? Let's just we're reviewing today. You know, half the classes in here, let's just be honest with ourselves. see, and then we can talk together from there. So someone start us off Aaron. I had a crazy, busy week this week and my brain felt like mush. Yeah. So I tried studying this week I didn't do that much of it. Previous week, I think I did a lot more. Okay. But maybe like 20, 25 minutes a night. Okay. The previous week. So I kids went to bed. Yeah. That's really good. So that was the first week, and then this week got crazy busy. Yeah. Yeah. For sure. Yeah, Things are a lot of change right now. Yeah, yeah, you were sharing that with some of us, yeah. Yeah. Which is all good change. Oh, excellent. Yeah, yeah. Praise God. Praise God. But listen, dude, and let me tell you, okay? Let's all let's all feel the comfort of of sharing our sufferings together. This is my full time job, right? Right. Okay? And I did a bunch of school for this kind of stuff, right? As you all are have expertise and other things far beyond eye, that what I ever will. But this week, I was working on my sermon for next Sunday, Romans 4, 1 through 12. And I was thinking as I was the last couple of weeks, okay, we're doing this Greek together, I'm going to do use the Greek as much as I possibly can in preparation for my sermons, which I've done on and off throughout the years. I've done some sermons more, some less. I've always looked at the Greek, but the last couple sermons, it's like, "Hey, we're taking the class, I'm teaching it, I'm really going to try and dive in." So, like, I'm talking translating the whole passage, parsing every word, trying to diagram it in Greek. And so I spent a lot of this week doing that, along with reading some other Greek stuff to try to help with this class, to deepen my knowledge. And I'll tell you, like Monday through Thursday, I spent a lot of time on all that with other things that have to get done in life, of course. And by Friday, I was like, I can't think anymore. Like my brain, I just cannot read any Greek right now. So I get it, dude. Fe your pain. Yes, it's not even if you had done everything I've done. You would feel that way at times. So legit. Who else? How's it going in the last couple of weeks? Jared? I'm still struggling, but I have memorized the albumet song finally. Nice. But I still need to visualize those letters that I singing out, and need to write them out. I know that writing will will help improve the memory. One of the things I wondered about, if you notice the uppercase letters almost entirely, straightraight lines and circles. Lowercase, not so much. Right. In our lphabet that we use and our children use, whether it's up or lower case, it's all straight lines and circles. And I'm wondering why the lowercase doesn't work like that. Or is it just because of the font that's being used in the book? You do do Greek children? Lear a simplified, straight line and circular method for drawing their lower cases? Yeah. That's a good question. I don't know the answer to that. And I will say, so if we're keeping if we're keeping everything in perspective of the reality reality of the situation, right, is and you, you could see the picture in your textbook. When Paul or John or Peter or whoever wrote the New Testament, they wrote it in all caps. There were no spaces, there were no accent marks, there were no punctuation, you, and so, but that's how they wrote it, hand wrote it then. And when you compare it or contrast it with modern Greek, there's differences. Of course, for our purposes, we're not studying modern Greek. There may be things you find helpful to compare, contrast, but for the purpose of reading the New Testament, modern Greek's not gonna, you know, it's not modern Greek, right? And so when I told you before, and again, study, memorize, learn, as much as you want, from however you want, but if it feels overwhelming to you, focus exclusively on the lower case letters. Because when you read, you know, the versions of the New Testament that you can buy in Greek, they're going to be like 99% lowerc letters. But, yeah, in terms of the morphology and how the I don't know the answer to that, there are books you can buy that. I'm sure they could explain all that, but that is interesting. Yeah. I don't know, but congratulations on getting the alphabet song down that helpful. That's still in my head from however many years ago.. Lots of repetition. Yeah. I take that YouTube video and sing along with it and eventually was able to do it without. But like I said, there's still more to do. Like I said, I got to picture those letters as I as I'm singing. singing them. Yeah. That's good, though. I mean, you start That's a start. Start a place. It is my starting point. But like, I always form a lot of questions that I know don't have to do with this, but that's my nature. Sure. Like I was wondering, why was the New Testament written in Greek? Why not Latin? I mean, we're talking about, you know, people that were undergrone and Rome, everything written was in Latin, at least that was my understanding... How did Greek get chosen, you know? Yeah. Greek was considered like the scholarly language. So all the well educated people, because you know, like Greeks basically conquered all Turkey and like that area. All the higher educated people all spoke Greek. And then the Romans, like, really respected the Greek language. So they basically like what a continue. Oh, there's the answer. Okay. Yeah, if you remember from the first week we talked about Alexander the Great who conquered the known world and Hellenized the world, which made Greek, basically the second language for everyone. Everyone had their own, you know, tribal language or or regional language they spoke, but kind of like English is today, he became like a world second language. And so at the time, the New Testament was written, Rome had conquered the Greek Empire, but that whole culture was so well established that they had kind of inherited it and left it. That would explain likewise why they didn't write the New Testament in Hebrew. Like the Old Testament. Yeah. They wanted both the Jews and the Gentiles to be able to read it. And Gentiles didn't know Hebrew, but everyone knew Greek. There you go. Yep. And what's the real answer to that question we know as a good reformed Christians is in God's sovereignty and in his providence, he ordained for the New Testament to be written in Greek so that it could go anywhere in the world at that time, and anyone would understand it. Not everyone understood Latin, not everyone understood Hebrew, everyone. knew Greek. Okay, that's the answer was looking for because I would have expected Latin to be the language that everyone knew. But you're telling me otherwise. Right. Okay. Yeah. Latin. Now, by the time, you know, as the West, there's a whole history of it right of it. But hey, everyone knew Greek because of Alexander the Great's conquest of the known world.. The bottom line is Greek was the most common language of the time.. No question. Okay. Yep. All right. Yeah. Who else? How's it been going? Pete, how's it been going? All Yeah. I get in there. Yeah. Like I said, the kids, I don't know what's what's the past couple of weeks before insane. But going on back on. We understand the topic of Providence, it is amazing how it's such it's so calculated that's far exceeds what our mind can ever calculate, because he uses degree language, the most common language of the known world, but also uses the Romans' construction, their rose, the spreaded all across. Yep. That's right. It's nothing that man can ever calculate put together to spread the gospel around the world. Yeah. You know. Yeah. For so many ways, like, is it in Galatians where it says when the time was right, God sent his son, you know? And just for everything you just said, and now, for us, what's interesting is we are kind of an opposite predicament, not to be able to have the Bible, because in God's blessing in his providence through the printing press and through translators, the Bible, I mean, in English, you can literally get it free online, right? If you have access to internet. And then I don't know how many languages the Bible has been translated in the world, but it's a lot. I know it's not literally every language, but it is a lot. And so there is, excuse me, access to God's word, but the question for us, you know, in this class and for scholars and for pastors and is for we have to know, if we want to get to the purest form of God's word, because remember, we have translations, which give us the truth, though it's not as clear sometimes. That's why translations are different. That's why we can read different translations and they're trying to interpret what the Greek or Hebrew is saying and express it to us in the best way for us to understand. When you read the Greek, which again, these are that we don't have even the manuscripts that the apostles wrote, but these Greek New Testaments we do have, the critical editions are based on the oldest manuscripts that have been discovered in the world. And so we're talking about the documents that are closest to the apostles writing. And so we're getting as close as we can when we do things like read the New Testament in Greek or read the Old Testament in Hebrew. You know, that's why the reformers were like, we lose the languages, we lose the gospel because the Roman Catholic Church would twist in their translations and then their theology and teach people wrong, wrong things. I mean, you know, the word repentance metananoia, there a Roman Catholic translations that would say, translate that asd penance. And so the people didn't understand what repentance was. They were just hearing from their priests that they had to do penance. That's, so things like that, there's, you know Job's witnesses who translate it. Every all liberal theology, cults, Roman Catholicism, what they're doing is they're twisting the text, whether they're doing it knowingly or unknowingly to whatever degree in every tradition. But when we see the text and read the text and understand the text, we can understand it for ourselves. Is there a big difference, like, in your case, you can read it and read a given passage and go, wow, you know, compared to the English translation and, you know, you see something different, you know, not that it's different, but it's because of the translation, you know, you're trying to convey meaning, right? Yeah. Yeah, for sure. And nothing major, right? Again, I I don't I want to convey the idea that our English translations aren't enough for us, right? They are, and enough of the truth is express. There's nothing major. Like, nuances, right? Yes, definitely. And sometimes I try to share those in sermons. If I think something is will be particularly helpful. But, yeah, there are there are definitely nuances that will give you, I wouldn't say a different understanding, but a deeper understanding, a little more clarity of like, oh, okay, maybe I read. So, for example, for example, look in your book at page. 12. This was one of the exercises for. chapter one, Page 12, letter D the reading to read aloud John 316 through 18 So in the purpose of this exercise is just to help help us learn how to read Greek words, right? To get in the habit of doing that. And so, and I can't remember if I mentioned this in class. I was telling Bethany this, if you're having trouble reading the words in Greek, especially when they're piled on top of each other, which can seem a bit overwhelming, and make your mind hurt, at least it does for me sometimes, is to divide the words, each syllable has one vowel. And so you're dividing based on the vowels. So let me show you from John 3, 16th, 18. Who toes Gar, Egg a peen, ha. See, divide slowing it down and dividing it. Each syllable has one vowel, or one vowel sound, if it's a diph thong. One vowel sound. Tman. H stay.. et cetera. Then let me show you real quick, just answer Mike's question. From the most famous verse in the Bible, John 316, right? Probably, at least in our culture. It's the most famous. Football stadiums. Yeah, yeah, people use it. I mean, the probably, I mean, it would be up there with the Lord's Prayer, Christians for all of history have known and memorized and prayed the Lord's Prayer. And I don't know if anci church history of John6 was used as much as it is in our culture, but in our culture, people know it, right? Even if they don't know it, they know it. They' of John 316. So the way that I would have John 316 lodged in my head and this may vary among us, but, you know, would be something like, for God, so love the world that he gave his only begotten Son, so that who?soever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. Right? Something like that. If you've got it memorized, it's probably something like that. Maybe it's King James, maybe you've that's that's in general, how people know it, right? If you look at it in Greek, okay, it's going to be the same. It's going to tell you the same thing, but in terms of nuances, who tos means so thus, or in this way? Oftentimes when I thought of John 316 for God so loved the world, my mind would elicit thoughts of like, God loves the world so much. But the text is starting with this adverb. It's modifying the verb, the verb is loved in this way, for in this way, loved God, the world. So that the Son, the only begotten one, he gave. In order that ball, who are believing, Pistuon, that's a present active participle, the believing ones, so that all of the believing ones in him not die or perish, but all but a Kay, they are having present tense, for is it's subjective to present subjective. They are having life eternal. Let's let's not let our brains get too cloudy, even from that for you to think, whoa, what, like I was just trying to read along. What the heck is going on? The point to answer the question is, nuance is yes, right? Because we hide God's word in our heart, which we should. That's a good thing. But oftentimes, we let a certain translation dictate like theology of how we're viewing things. I mean, people who are King James only, that's what they do, right? They're both theologies based on the King James Bible. Some will even say that the King James Bible is more accurate than the Greek and the Hebrew, which is wrong, right? I mean, like, I don't want to be too mean, but that's silly. That's foolish. You know, some KJB groups are cultish in how they approach it, right? Well, the King Bible was the one that we used a lot growing up. Yeah, a lot of people. Even like hearing the same thing, but just the wording being different kind of throws me off when I'm used to hearing it that way. So, yeah. English translations, but still different wording. Yeah. Whenever I'm doing like a funeral or even in church service or something, and it's like, okay, let's all do the Lord's prayer together. Everyone who knows it kind of reverts to it in the King James, you know, which is fair, but they always get, I can tell when I say, forgive us our debts as we forgive it, that everyone gets lost there. They're like, what? Yeah, exactly. And that's how, especially if you grew up Roman Catholic, but even not just Roman Catholic, but especially Roman Catholic, and that's good that that's hidden in your heart. That's not with all the bad things, bad theology, that the dogma that the Roman Catholic Church teaches, I mean, that was God's grace for that to be hidden in your heart that way. But also, you know, is the King James certainly isn't the best translation of the Bible from the pure textual science of the King James is not based on the oldest manuscripts that have been discovered, and there's discrepancies between the oldest ones and the ones that the King James Bible used, and those discrepancies show that the King James Bible, they were probably based on stuff that's wrong. Anything that's different from the older ones is probably wrong, because older usually means closer to the truth, right? And things scribes make errors along the way, people make changes, blah, blah, blah. So, yes, nuance is for sure not enough to change your theology or question, your faith or anything, but yet you're gonna gonna see, you're going to understand. There's going to be a deeper understanding and reflection and you know, wisdom that's applied from that, hopefully. My friend who learned Greek for three years, she likened it to. It's like your favorite book that your parents have always read to you over and over that you can like you've memorized over the years, but then it's like you finally could open the pages and read it for yourself. You know, she'd like likened it to that her understanding. Yeah, that's that's really good. Yeah. Like I said, I've said this before, and I've heard this for years and years now. It's like, it's the difference between watching TV and old black and white versus watching high death. You're watching the same thing, but it's clear. It's crystal clear. Okay, so let's, do we want to do any alphabet review or does everybody feel good about the alphabet? You just have to have it. I mean, I don't have it down completely like writing, but it's like before you can move on to like reading those, like page 12 you just mentioned here. I mean, you got to know it. Right. Step one. You know, and you got to know the, you know, the marks and all that stuff. So yeah. Yeah. Okay. Let's. What, um What's that like?. Alpha. What sound does that mean? Ah. Father? Yeah. What about that letter? What sound does omega mean? Oh. Oh,. What is that letter? It's on that's it.. Is that new?? Okay. And sound? Right. No, no, no. Of these three, are there any bowels?. Yeah,ha. That's right. What is that letter? Rome. No. Yeah.? Yeah. Sound. ruh. R sound? Is that a vowl or a consonant? Consonant? Yeah, one. What about. What's that letter? I open? You know? El sound, la, la, la, la. Consonant, right? What about that letter? Absilon, no. Yeah. Z? part of my handwriting. Is that? No. That's the other crazy one. Oh, could that be signal? Okay. No. It's close with Zeta, remember? It's Zeta, but a little extra. Oh, that sounds... Oh,i. Yeah. I knew you were gonna put one of those very sweetly letters. Yeah,ose are the weirdest ones in every way, shape, and form. Zeta, Zeta, Kai is like Zeta, and again, this is just my handwriting, but Kai has that little extra. little extra line, that little extra indent in there. Zeta, it looks to me like a sea. Like you can see the sea in the middle, and then, you can see an E. So that's just how I differentiate it. That's helpful.. That is helpful. What about that letter? That's. You. New was right here. Ada. Ada, that's right, yeah. And is that a vowler consonant? Wow. That a vel. Should be vow.. Just a line. I? Yoda, yeah. Yoda, I sound. Also a vowel. E, looking like an E. Absalon. Absilon? It's at a vol consonant. Wow. Wow. That's a. Yeah. Let's see, what else we got. That's beautiful. Yeah, M sound?. right now, I'm McG. I don't It's near the end of a seat. F. That's right. 12, 7 five. I'm glad you're doing these not in order. No. Sometimes I know what I'm doing. Every once in a while. That's a theta, right? They look similar. Fi's got the line straight down theta's kind of like curved. Okay. You know, you kind of write it like up,'s like you're writing cursive there, like a circle, and then you keep going and put the the dash through it. Let's see here. I missed something. What was that previous one? Theata. Thea. Fi and Thea. Yes, yes, yes. Oh, K Kai? Yeah, we should know Kai. We're good Christians, right? Kai for Christ. That's why, sidebar, sidebar, you don't get angry at Christmas time when you see the Xmas, they're not Xing Christ out of Christmas. The Kai represents Christos in the Greek. It's an abbreviation, just like theta, it's an abbreviation for God, Theos. So we're good Christians, even if we write the gifts, okay? Well, that represented Christ for a long time, but only use the cross long time, long time ago. Long time, yeah. Constantine. I. Yeah, that's exactly right. That's exactly right. Long before people even celebrating Christmas.. Because Christmas started, the celebration of Christmas, some people trace it to Martin Luther, who knows if that's true or not. But it's Christmas is relatively new in the way that we celebrate it, for sure., Gamma. Gamma? That's right. Good, gut, gut, Gamma. Let's see what else? What was the trident looking one? Oh, Sign. Sign? Yeah. Think of P Pidon? Yes, that's. Sion. I remembered it. Right then? That's right. That's good. Beta, yeah. See, what have we got so far here? Alpha, beta, Gamma. What's after Gamma? Oh, Well, it's got to be delta. It's written weird. Yeah. Delta?. Yeah. Alpha, beta, Gamma, Delta, epilon, Zeta,a, theta, Yoda,ria.. Ka, C, cut. K. Kaa. Lamb, yeah. What's that, Janda? What's next? Yep, after move. Oh, new. It's afternoon. Sorry. What's after side? Omic. Yeah. Omic, which is a Wow.. What's that dramron? Hi. Hi. Why should be easy for us to remember, right? It's. Yes,. Especially you mathizards. P. Omicron pie, what's after your pie? Row. Row, Sug. Sigma.gma. What's the deal with Sigma? Sugma. Sigma's got two forms? Yes, two. Yes, yes. It's got little curly the final form, which is right here, if it's at the end of a word, it's a sigma. And that's going to be under the line. like that. You know, handwritten. And if it's gonna be anywhere else in the word, it's gonna look like that kind of like an O, with the mullet behind it. Sigma, it's after Sigma. T. T, just a T, not too hard. T ta ta. T. after town. Ooops salon. Ooop salon. So you, which is a.. Oopsalon fi.. Oh, maybe Omega. There you go. You guys did pretty good with that. Ed Zimmer, and again, remember, it's a work in product. You're learning different letters. So you just keep reviewing it, use the song, write it, whatever's got however your brain's gonna work to stick with it and, you know, you do it more and more and more, you'll just get it more and more, you know. challenging ones are the extra squiggly ones. And the ones that look like an O in various appendages. Yes. Very much so. And so again, anything in your brain that can help you, like the Poseidon thing, if that helps, you know, pi. Bethany's tips for Ze Zah. Zai, and Zeta. Or if you think of it, everything, or if someone else tells you a different thing or whatever, yeah, some of them like alpha, beta, you know, some of them have like kind of look like English letters. It's helpful. Eson, Yoda, tricky ones are ones that look like English letters, but have different sounds. You know, new Ada, Row, I told you about my, whenever I see that company app 10, I think it's's what appative, and I always think it says R 10, because my mind just goes to the Greek. Yeah. Not too shabby, though. Not too shabby. And so the exercises for the first chapter for anyone has done them or they're pretty, you know, it's just learning the alphabet, he recommends breaking up into groups of four. That's how the song is, that's helpful. Circling words in Ephesians 1, 3 through 6, that have dipthongs to help train your mind to you, spot the dipthongs, which you can you just look back at the page, see what the dipthongs are, if it's helpful free to write those out, or just look at them. Again, in time, the more you do this, it'll just be in there. Like I said before, if you were to tell me right now, list all the dipthongs, I don't know if I could do it, but when I see them, I know them. I know that you angle Leon starts with a dipthong, you angle Leonon means good news, gospel, starts with epsilon, opsilon, that you sound, just like my brain knows when I read Theos, I'm reading two different valves sounds. Epsilon and Omicron. And so, you want to learn how to read them in spot them, but you're not, you know, unless your mind just works that way, I would suspect that in time you wouldn't have the list memorized in your head. You'll just know them when you see them. Something that helped me on page 8. If you look at the dipthongs, is that all of them end in either I or you. So you'll never have a dipthong ending in an A or an O, you know, that kind of like that kind of thing has been helpful for me. So I know if I'm looking at a word and if, like, the double vowel ends in an IRU, then I'll pay attention and see if it's a dipline. Yeah, helpful. Super, super helpful. What else? accent marks? Again, yeah, I don't know. doesn't, doesn't really matter that much. Like, learn them, whatever, if you if if focus on the letters, focus on the diphthongs, like the XM marks are just there and they're all arbitrary anyway, so Reading aloud is helpful to practice, and then the vocabulary. So has anybody been looking at the vocabulary, trying to learn it all, or have we been too focused on? the alphabet in other things? Alphabet, yeah. Page one. Yeah. For sure. So the vocabulary, and that's just helpful, again, for us along the way, the more words we have memorizeed when you're trying to read and translate the New Testament, the less you're having to look every single word up. You know, and that's the purpose there. Ag means love. That one, I think. Everyone know that before this class that Agape meant love, I would assume. If you've been in church, any kind of church for any length of time, that one usually, gay means earth, land, or ground. Think of geology. He has this has some helpful and morphological connections there. Zoi means life. Like when you study zoology or go to the zoo, the name Zoe is from the Greek life. ph, voice or sound, like phonetics. Alatheia, Hamartia, Aletia's truth, Hamartia sin, Basia, kingdom, or Reign. Daxa, Glory or Majesty, like doxology, Ecclesia. A lot of people probably know that, means church, gathering assembly, congregation. An important point here too, as you see these words, where there's different glosses, like Ecclesia, it can mean congregation, assembly church. Words have range of meaning, right? There are there's a lexical range for a lot of these words, and that's why translations will be different. My guest about is there a clarity, is there a difference? Yeah, because this different words can have different meanings in different contexts? That's true of English, it's true of every language. And so a lot of times, when we're learning a language, we'll learn like a one to equivalent of a word, and that helps us to memorize it, ecclesia means church, org meansear, but, again, there can be a semantic range, and so as you're reading translating, like the context is going to help us know what, how are they using this word, in this given context? Heyera means day, cardia means heart, cardiologist. Day is a good example. It's a little particle. It's a connective particle. And so how we do in English, how we'll say, blah, blah, blah, and blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, you know, and we're kind of connecting our thoughts. little little conjunction, maybe. Conjunction junction, what's your function?. Herking up words and phrases and clauses, right? So day, if you're reading it, a lot of times people, when they're first learning in Greek, the day he equalsb. Like, it's contrastive. Blah, blah, blah, but, blah, blah, blah. You're saying something kind of different, right? In some contexts, day meansbut in other context, it means "and." Sometimes it means now. The context is going to dictate what this little conjunction, this little particle means. Same with kind. And even also, it's easy to just think Kai meansand. And that's what I would recommend to you if you're trying to memorize, if you want to memorize and even also, that's good, be a good start, but if you're looking for ways to, like, keep this puppy moving, just just K means and, okay? And as you get deeper into it, we're gonna All right, well, actually, it can mean even, it can mean also, and the context is gonna dictate. But you want to just kind of a basic gloss, a basic definition in your head for these words, if that's going to be more helpful to you. Men, on the one hand, or indeed, and then we see the little articles, ha, hey, ta, means the sometimestimes in English, you translate it, sometimes you don't. So, do we want to talk about, like, review of the second chapter at all, or are we all just pretty much kind of still trying to nail the first chapter down? Has anyone done any. Well, we're gonna go to chapter three next week, right? That is the plan, if we were to keep our now one week delayed schedule. But has anybody like, dug into chapter 2 at all? Or? No, no. It's all been chapter one. So do we maybe want to do some review just right now of what ch we talked about last week, if you want to dig into it, you some this week. Yeah? Yeah. So chapter two, remember is the. We were talking about the first declension now. So what does that mean? Nouns are person, place, thing. That's what a noun is. It's a person, place or thing. It's a substantive. It's the grammatical term. A noun is a substantive, and it's when we talk about nouns, even in English, nouns always have a number, you know, there is there is like just like for the example on page 16, voice or voices, heart or heart, we have singular and plural. Sometimes even in English, which we will see, we're gonna get move on in Greek, and be like, "Why are there different forms, you know, it can be frustrating when you look at the paradigm. Fonet is means a voice, where the voice. Phone I means the voices. And you're like,Why the heck are they doing that? That's it's, you know it seems like it's harder, it's a different form. The word looks different, and it's not just adding one letter like how we'll adds at the end for between voice and voices. But we do this in English too, right? I mean, the singular person, multiple people, it's a different word. Singular goose, plural geese, right? We probably our language pri does it worse than any language. Bless you. And so they're not doing anything different than people have ever done in language. And so we just got to learn it, right? That's just.. And we do change the endings, too. Like, boy, boys, box, boxes, but also, like octopus, octopi, you know? It like it's kind of more of a Wonder Wan horror. Octopuses is totally valid. when you. Is it really? Yes. All right. Wow, is it really? Yes. Wow, see, that's the most important thing we all learned today. I both all those words like fungus 2, are funguses? We were so long, don't. Yeah. Now they're teaching the opposite. Yeah. And mouse is still mes, right? It's because it's English is an equal language. That's right. Well, what about words that don't change at all? Der. Der. A singular deer, plural. deer. You know? I mean, so we have it again, probably, I don't know, some languages like that, Chinese, Japanese, Far Eastern languages, I don't know anything about them, really. And so maybe they're more difficult than us, but man, talk to anyone who's ESL and they'll tell you English is tough. How English teacher who said, there's no such thing as proper English because it's literally the garbage and of languages. Literally everything just gets thrown at the expected to know how it works. So sure. Chinese or Japanese, which their characters represent words, but not pronunciation. Yeah, who? You have to learn them completely. separately. At least Greek. See, Greek is easy, guys.. There's pronunation for each. Yeah. That's helping extremely helpful. Yeah. We're not learning Chinese here, so you're welcome. I'm a Mandarin or whatever the different dialects. several times. Right, yeah. Yeah. Japanese Jerry Chen, he could educate you on some of that. He was he's from China, obviously. Speaks speaks Mandarin, I believe. Jerry speaks multiple languages, though, because he speaks from German. I don't know, everything he speaks, but Jerry's a dude, for sure. But we have number in English, so does Greg plural, singular plural, gender, which is in the Greek nouns. They' like the first declension, which just means pattern declension means pattern, so we're learning the first noun pattern. In Greek, there ever present in English, not so much anymore. We do have some words that are like or hostess, you know, actor, actress. But even now, it seems like a lot of that is trying to be, they're trying to... Neutralize. Yeah, neutralize, you know, the egalitarian nature of our culture is like a female actress, she wants to be called an actor now, you know? And so even that's kind of dying in our language as well. But in Greek, that's ever present, so we're the first declension nouns our feminine nouns. That's what chapter 2 is, nouns that are feminine. Doesn't necessarily mean it's talking about a female. They're just feminine nouns. They're softer nouns. And then the case, the case which we talked about all the cases last week, does anybody remember any of the cases? There are four. There's actually five, but we're starting with learning four because the fifth one is very, very, very infrequent. Less than 1% of the nouns in Greek take the fifth case, which is called the vocative, which is just a case of a dress. But does anybody remember any of before we talked about last week? The first one? A starts within hand. No.. Nomin tip. That's right. The nomatative case, that's the dictionary form case. That's what the word is. So when we say Iape is love, we're saying the nominative case. Would that be like the root kind of a thing? Yeah, it's not the root because the root of the word because the nominative has an endings, Greeks and inflected language. So there's a root of a word, and then there's there's all these endings that we're learning. So agap that Ada is the ending that's being added to the yeah, and then the root isn't necessarily aga. It was it had a different vowel that contracted with the aa. That's why we have an aa. That's the deeper end of the pool that we need, then we need to worry about right now. But yeah, so the nominative is and nominative and Greek really just means a name or noun. It''s the subject of the sentence. The nominative is the subject. So remember last week we used the example, and we are running out of time, that Goff threw the ball to St. Brown, which he did quite a bit last time, by the way. Goff is the subject. He's the nominative. That's why we in English, we put it first in the sentence. In Greek, he doesn't have to go first in the sentence because we have the endings that show us what everything's doing. So that's the subject. Do they have an order to their disorder? You know, it could be, what? Brown, you know, golf through, you know how you say that will they mix it up? However, they, you know. Yeah, it's not totally random, so that's a great question. There is a general pattern. The general pattern is verb subject object. It's broken frequently, though. So don't, so don't, like, embedd it as if that is one of that's the 11th Commandment or anything. subject. Verb subject, object is the general.. Yeah. Yeah, exactly. Exactly. But again, that is frequently broken. So there are only 10 commandments. We don't have to add any more to them legalistically. God's already given us the law, right? We have the nominative, we have the genitive, which is the genitive for our purposes at this point is going to reflect possession. So, we're going to think of. So this is the voice, F. That's what it looks like, that's the dictionary definition. The genitive is going to be of the voice. Reflects possession. Or could it be like the voice's, like apostrophe? Of the voices? Well, yeah, that would be a translating. That'd be a translating decision. Yeah. So the love of God or God's love. Exactly. Okay. If you read the NASB, it's going to say the love of God. If you read the NIV, it's going to say God's love. Right? It's it's a more. What's that word? What's the word they use for like it's it's not a a literal translation, it's more of a I'm wasting time, not thinking of words here. But it's a translative decision. Yeah. It's to make it more like accessible, easy to understand. If you read the NIV, even more extreme examples, it would be like the NLT, the Living Bible, or the message, you know, those end up being more commentaries than they are, would in translations. But a lot of times when you translate woodland Greek, you're like, we would never talk this way, right? And so that's why they're translating it and making interpretive decisions. So yes, that's spot on, 100%. Then we have to date if these are before that I'm telling you, when you do any nouns, these are the four you're going to be thinking of. So I know you're like, man, the first week we learned all this stuff, and then the second week we're learning all this brand new stuff, it's not like that. The deeper we get in, you're using the tools you're learning with. So when we talk about chapter 3, we're going to be talking about the nominative, the genitive, the data, and the accusative with masculine nouns and with neuter nouns. So some of this is going to stay the same. We just got to get our tools. The dative is we're going to translate as like two or four. Two or four, because what's the terminology they use with the date of case?? Yeah, that's. It's the indirect object. So go through the ball to. St. Brown. St. Brown is the indirect object because the ball is the direct object, which is, then you would just translate, you know, whatever. The accusative form of whatever now. Goff, Goff, nominative. Goff, subject, Through, that's your verb. We haven't gotten there yet. Through the ball, the direct object to St. Brown. He's the indirect object. He's the data. With, you know, you look at Fet and how that paradigm morphs and you look at the Yeah, it's. I promise you, you read it, you write it out, you write it out, you, you write it out sometimes, get a whiteboard or get a piece of paper or whatever, write it out. You know, that's it's how it's going to get in there, you know. So But is there any questions on explanation? Because the explanation accompanied with the exercise of memorization and writing us kind of stuff is what's you want to understand what you're doing. So I know we got to go. Is there anything else that anybody wants to talk about, ask anything? No? good. I appreciate that. I hope this was helpful in God's providence. He knew that we weren't ready for chapter 3 yet. And most half of our b did not get this review, but they're doing other important things, like joining our church or having a baby, which are both really good things. We like that. We like them? Yeah, we got new life. We got new family. from multiple avenues. We got some getting baptized at least two that I know of that are getting baptized. Praise God. Yeah. So, I mean, hey, listen, guys, this is all good. Yeah. This is all good. Nothing bad about any of that. And life's heart and we got we got responsibilities, and we got other things. You know, I get I do Bethanitas, you all do. And so this is just fun, something fun we're doing together. You're not alone. Text, text, call. Do whatever you're working on. You're like, man. If you just need some encouragement, if you need you have a question, don't, don't isolate yourself in this. Cool, cool. Anyone else? Anything? We good? So, this week, just internalized chapters one and two write out the alphabet if we need that write out the paradigms. Fay and Cardia. Yep. Okay. Write them out. Yep. Listen to plumbers's lectures that I've sent if those are helpful, listen to the songs, if those are helpful, look at the vocab, right, right vocab out on Notcards or buy the pack that you can find that I don't know if I send it to you guys, but if you just Amazon, this book, which I'm sure you all did already, or you bought it somehow, Amazon's going to recommend all the things that go with this book. So if you want the laminated sheet, if you want the no cards, you get those. Anyway, just like man Aaron said, if you don't, if your scheduled demands this, then no judgment, but 10 minutes a day is better than 70 minutes a week. 10 minutes a day is better than 70 minutes. We just live in it. You gotta just live in it. Even if it's just, all I can give today is like 30 seconds of looking at the alphabet and singing through it, then do it. Just make it a part of your life, because that's not gonna help you to learn it now, but however much you want to carry it with you in the future, just that daily discipline, that daily rhythm, like how how you do anything you do daily, you know, Aaron. I doubt. I've been using duolingo for years. teach myself German and they have freak there. So I started doing it. I know it's modern Greek, but I just want to learn how to pronounce everything. So it's great in terms of pronouncing because it'll have you repeat the words and the letters back to. So Yeah, that's cool. Keep in mind some of their pronunciation might be different, even on the letters, which isn't a big deal, because we don't really know how they pronounced them back then. But it's the same though it is the same alphabet. They do pronounce a couple of letters different than how we're learning in the book. Oh, okay. But it's not the end of the world. Like, for Ammicron, instead of ah, they pronounce it oh, they pronounce Ammicron and Omega exactly the same. There's some letters like that, usually vowels, but don't worry about it, man. If it's helpful before you do it, whatever's helpful. Isaac recommended something else and I can't remember what it was last week, about some app. He said he had to pay for it, because of course you got to pay for everything. It was called Biblingo, I think. Biblingo? Yeah. Where he said they'll go through the New Testament words and have like pictures and stuff to go with it. So if you want to purchase that, if you find that to be helpful, if this is all whatever you want to put into it, like, I care and I love you, but I really don't care. I'm not going to view any of us different depending on how much, you know, we put into this, so. memorize them better. But I'm thinking I'm a computer guy. I've had for way too long, and I just thought today, in the middle of this class. Why don't I look up a Greek keyboard for my phone? Yeah. It's got to be out there. There is, yeah, and then there's probably multiple things. There's a website, typ greek.com. It's called Typ greek.com, and you're going to have to do the equivalent on your English keyboard to pick the Greek letter, but it'll yeah, you can that's an option as well. I'm hoping to find an actual Greek keyboard that will display in Greek. Like native Gians do. Yeah. I'm sure that exists. I mean it seems like everything technologically exist. Are Are there keyboards the same as our keyboards in email? Yeah, I don't know how they do it. I don't know either, but I'm sure it's there, yeah. There countries have different keyboards, definitely. There's a French keyboard. There's a Russian keyboard, even though nearly all of the letters are the same, there's a few exceptions that they have, and this is where is when computers, especially cell phones are all about music that you can't have an electron and keyboard that not only prints the letters you're interested in, but they're displayed on the keys in the way that you're expected. Yeah, look it up. I'm sure it's there. got there. You got to be there. All right, let me say a prayer for us as we prepare to go into worship together. Holy Father, we give you praise because you are so merciful and kind and loving and gracious to us, and we thank you for this day, for this Sabbath, this Lord's day, this Sunday, where Christ'smunity Church can gather around the Word in the Sacrament to celebrate the resurrection of your Son, the Lord Jesus. We pray, we thank you for this class and for this opportunity to review the Greek alphabet and the first declension nouns ask your kindness and blessing on us moving forward to learn and study, and we pray as we gather for worship Lord, that you would be glorified, and it would be for our good, that you would speak through Pastor Kevin as he preaches your word this morning, and that you would be present with us at the table as you promised. We ask in the name of Jesus, and by the power of the Holy Spirit, Amen. Amen.