Chapter 17

Transcript

They don't use instruments when they say. They do say, right? And I had a buddy who was that subject, who visited his church, and I asked him, what is the reasoning behind the no instruments thing, right? Because I said, you know, I looked throughout the, you know, throughout the scriptures, there's people using, you know, tambourines and string instruments and stuff. And he says, their reasoning is because Satan is described as having musical instruments within himself. And that's true. true. He has musical abilities, and they say, because it's Satan, it's gotta be bad, and therefore, we don't use instruments, right? And then I thought, do you guys use electric lights in your? Right. In your building as well? Yeah. Because he's an angel of life. Yeah. Yeah, but that's different. Yeah. Got it. We're worshiping in the dark. All right. Let's get this party started.? fam, and here's the deal with this. We, I think I mentioned this last week, and again, I'm not sure to what degree everybody is genuinely trying to learn greed. At this point, if we were being honest, I don't know. But, uh, if, if you are to whatever in degree, like, interest you have of, like, trying to keep this party rolling for the rest of your life, we have reached the most difficult thing that we're going to talk about. Oh, fix. Yeah. Just so that we can all start on the same page here. Uh, participles. Talk about participles, we got a few chapters on participles. Dr. Plummer says this is the Mount Everest of Elementary Greek here. So what we're going to do, especially because we got a little bit of a late start this morning, is we are going to take our time with this, 'cause we've been, you know, when we started out, we did some reviews early on, a lot of reviewing, and then we just kind of kept, we started moving and doing chapter after chapter after chapter. And that was good because we had to be able to make some, you know, get some traction here. But wherever we end up ending in the end of May, I don't think we're gonna get through the whole book anyway, so we, it's not, it's gonna be helpful for us who are really trying to learn this and let this sink in and use it moving forward to spend some time on participles. However much time we need for everyone to feel comfortable. And the next two Sundays, we will not have class. Next week is Palm Sunday, the week after that is Easter. And so just church, we'll just have service at 10:30. So we'll talk, we'll introduce this today, and then when we come back in a few weeks, what kind of, kind of, like, review it, and, uh, and then move forward at the pace we need to. But we are on chapter 17 participles. So let's let's start. Well, 1st of all, What is a participle? Good question. A partisan is a verbal adjective. So we know we just learned about adjectives, right? And we know, in English, that we can say... The Tall Man. And Tall is our adjective, right? Or, um... um... the brown dog. And that brown is the adjective. A part is simple, is a verbal adjective. It's an adjective. It's a descriptive word that is built on a verbal root or a verbal stem instead of a noun. So, in English, we could say... the running man. And running is the adjective that's describing the man, but it's built on a verbal root or verbal stem. So this is what, this is same in Greek. A participle is a verbal adjective. Now, let's... refresh ourselves. Again, we've done this a lot, but as we're moving into participles, this is going to be absolutely imperative for us. on, uh, verbal aspect. Verbal aspect, okay? We have had, with all of the... with all of the verb paradigms and classifications or whatever that we've learned so far, present, imperative, future, heorist, perfect, and flu perfect, but, uh, that's rare. So we're not worried about that one. We've always talked about that when we were thinking about tents, in English, we think about time, predominantly with tents, but it's not the case in Greek, that the tents, or the tense form, is really emphasizing to us the verbal aspect. And we've learned three verbal aspects. so far, right? We have learned imperfective, verbal aspect, or what we could maybe call progressive, verbal aspect. Though this is the this is the technical term, imperfective. If you're wanting to read scholarly commentaries, monographs, dissertations, anything in that world, they're going to use the term imperfective, verbal aspect, but progressive, it helps us understand better what it is, right? And the, this would be, um, communicating to us the action as it is going on with no consideration of what comes before, after just the action as it's happening. And there are verbs that prefer, uh, imperfective or progressive verbal aspect, because of the nature of the verb, right? Like verbs of movement, that kind of thing, where the word itself is communicating the action as it's happening. And the 2 tenses that we learned that are imperfective are progressive, are the present, and the imperfect, right? And both of those had an active paradigm, and a middle pass it, paradigm, two paradise. What we used to call deponent. Okay, so that's imperfective verbal aspect. The second, um, aspect that we talked about was perfective. Or holistic would be another way. Uh, easier way to think about it. Remember, perfective would be what you're gonna find in the monographs and the scholarly stuff, but ballistic kind of explains it better, doesn't it? Because when we talked about the holistic, verbal aspect, we talked about, just the action as a whole, like, the beginning, the middle, the end, everything is just looking at the action, kind of from a bird's eye view that this happened holistically. And, uh, the future tense, or tense form, and the airest, both communicate, perfective, or holistic verbal aspect. And remember, each of these had three paradigms. They had... the active paradigm, the middle had its own paradigm, and the passive had its own paradigm. So, the president and the imperfect, communicating the imperfective or the progressive verbal aspect, had two paradigms, the active and a middle passive that were the same, the perfective or holistic, had three paradigms with the future and the heirs. Still tracking? Okay. And then, most recently, we talked about... the state of... verbal aspect, and that was with the perfect and the blue perfect tense. And that conveys to us, uh, something that happened in the past with abiding results or an abiding state, because of that thing that happened in the past. And that was the perfect tense. And the perfect tense had a present, or not a, it had a, um, two paradigms, like the present and the imperfect. There is an active paradigm, and then there was a middle passive paradigm, right? Whoa, the way, slew away, Luan, Lueta, Luusi, Luusen, Uumai, Luue, Luetai, and then we had the imperfect, Eluan, right? We had the future, Bousseau, we had the heiress, Elusa, and, um, the perfect Le Luca, right? And then, you know, there's the Buddy Holly song that you can use if you want to remember that. But this is... all the verbal aspect that we've talked about so far. The imperfective or the progressive, the perfective, which is holistic, and the state. Now, when we come to... participles, which are verbal adjectives, because they're built on their functioning as an adjective, but they're built on a verbal root, and so they're going to be communicating verbal aspect. to us. Now, with participles, time is completely relative. So with the indicatives that we've had so far, time has not been the predominant thing communicated with the tenses or the tense forms, but time has been a consideration, right? That's why we know with the imperfect, and with the aorist, we had that, you know, the epsilon at the beginning, that was pointing us to the fact that it was past tense, with the future, or with the perfective, we had the reduplication, you know, these indicators of time, right? Okay, so with participles, their time is completely relative in that context is going to determine the time that's being communicated. So we have, because time is completely relative, and the verbal aspect is what's being intended for participles, we don't need all of these. We only need one for each of these verbal aspects. So there is no imperfect participle. There's a present participle. There is no future participle. There is an heiress participle, and there is a perfect participle, forms. Those are the three that we're going to learn. Now. Um... These, these words, these tense, you know, forms that were using to describe the participles can be confusing to us, because we're calling them the present, the heirest, and the perfect. That is what Greek grammars, et cetera, have always, how they've always labeled them. But when we say present, what we're really meaning is this progressive verbal aspect. When we say heirest, participle, what we really mean is this holistic verbal aspect. What we, when we say perfective, what we mean is this stative verbal aspect. And so a present participle is not always going to be translated in the present tense. It might be translated in the past tense. It might be translated in the future. Same with the heiress, because what's really being communicated to us is not the time. The time is completely relevant, based on the context, what's being communicated to us is the verbal aspect. Alright. Now let's take a break. Of all of this, what any, any, any questions, any, anything we want to discuss so far, or is this all clicking? Are we firing on all cylinders? Everyone's following? Maybe Roland. Maybe. Okay. We're doing, where am I? You have no idea. All right, that's fair. There's honest, honestly. I have no objection. Yeah. You think where we're rolling, we don't know. Oh, yeah, yeah. We're rolling. We're rolling, but listen, I know there's a lot to this, but, uh, from the get go, this is the this is the hardest one. This is the hardest part. I remember when I was in at Boyce College, 1st taking Greek, and this was, like, when we all start questioning whether the VA in geology is really what we want. Are we sure we don't want to BS in youth ministry or something where we don't have to take languages? Like, this is the part where that's happening. So, yeah, this is why we're gonna take our time with this, but we need to get it all out so that we can think about it and discuss it together. Doc. Is there a reason that the imperfective rest only has a present and the protective, only has the heiress, the state of, has... Is there a reason there's not a perfect future? Or is that just, like, it just is? Well, it just is because, again, because time is not, um, time is not intrinsic to the participles, how it's been. Yeah, so you really only need one of them, 'cause the difference between these two is the time indicator you have the, you know, the epsilon augment. So really, you just need one, and they have, they've always been called the present. the heirs and the perfect. But really, what they're communicating is the progressive, the holistic, and the state of time is not, there's no time in the nature of the form itself. The time is completely dependent on the context of what, you know, what's going on. Because why they're choosing the specific forms, and I know we haven't looked at the forms yet, but it's important for us to understand the concept, because the forms are just gonna be, we memorize them, right? Um, What's being communicated is the verbal aspect. whether or not, you know, the past, present, or future is just, you're gonna, we see that from the context of what's going on. So those are just the labels that have been used historically and have stuck. And I think, and I think plumbers write in his video, he talks about this, that these labels actually are more helpful and explain it better, but if you're going to, if you're going to use any material, any, any content, especially academic stuff, they're going to be using present heirest and perfect. That's what they're always called. So, but that's what they're communicating. Cool being so far? Mm hmm. Okay. I'm gonna erase this if anybody wants to. All good. Nobody wants to document my artwork. Documented for posterity. She would turn it on campus. Take a photo, look at it next year and say, I still can't read this. Yeah. Yeah, reminisce, you know? Have a little nostalgia. Are you thinking of doing this class again? Uh, as of right now, um, no, at least not in the next year. If there was ever interest, maybe we could talk about it, but, you know, this was fun, doing it this year, but we also had, as you guys all know, because you guys are the remnant, who have remained, there were a lot of people very excited about this, and then figured out what it really was, and then they were like, see you. Yeah. So, um, so we'll see. But there's no immediate plan. Yeah. Because at this point, once we, I told you guys this, once we get through the book, at that point, what you would do is you would begin just translating, translating through books, and then learning, you know, their intermediate grammars that kind of expand on all this stuff, but it's not, unless you're a Greek scholar or professor or something, you're not necessarily gonna have all that stuff like memorized. It's more like resource, you know, what are all the different kinds of genitives? What are all the different kinds of dominatives, you know? It's not just possession, it's communicating a number of things. And, yeah. I'm planning to go through it all over from the beginning. Oh, yeah? And if you were having another class doing it again for another group of people, I would join that one. But I can do it on my own, use the online videos, et cetera. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yep. Yep. And that's that's the beauty of it. You've been exposed to it now. You have the book, his videos are free online. We have our masters on our website too. If anybody wants to look at us. And I will encourage you with this too, with this participle stuff, is, if you're trying to learn it better and look through it and study in the next couple weeks, reread the chapter, you know, reading the chapter over and over again. We'll help you if you need to. bless you. Excuse me. Thank you. Watching plumbers video as much as you need to. You can listen to this one if you want to, doing the exercises, maybe, maybe asking for prayer, you know? Because if you really want to learn participles, you may need some prayer from prayer warriors at Christ Community Church and otherwise, but, um, yeah, there's a, you have everything in front of you. It's just how much do you want? You're always mentioning plumber, but what about Merkl? What is his contribution? Well, they both co-wrote the book. Merkel is, I think he's a professor at Southeastern Seminary, maybe, in North Carolina. They co-wrote the book, but Rob Plummer, all the video lectures are him. They're just him. And I just always mention him because he's the professor I had for Greek. Yeah, I understand that, Southern. Yeah, okay. Yeah, they did co write the book, though. Okay. Yeah. Did you have the blood say? He also does the daily. He does, which this book utilizes. So a lot of this is plumber driven. Right. Has anybody ever looked at the Daily Dose of Greek? Yeah Negative notification. Oh, yeah, I get the email every day. He goes through a different verse every day and just translates it, talks about it. It's, yeah, it's really helpful. It's the most helpful if you've already gone through all this to kind of know, because he'll use different vernacular and whatnot. But even if you haven't, it still can be helpful to, again, just, like, getting as much Greek as you can in the smallest little bits that you can, so that it's not completely taken over your life, but you're just kind of always dabbling in it, you know, that's... So, he's done a really good job of building a website and a lot of resources for anyone who wants. You know, there's no, it's not yet to pay for anything except for buying the book. It's very accessible, very helpful. He's a corn ball sometimes, but he's fine. actually helps. Yeah, no, he's he's fun. Um, He's actually John Babuca's doctoral supervisor. So John likes him a lot too. Yeah. Parks, yeah. I mean, it's simple. Speaking of kick on his on some of his videos where he's making he's making fun of his own southern accent. Oh, he does that a lot. Yeah. Yeah. How it comes out when he's trying to talk in Greek. Yeah, yeah. Yep. Yep. All right, so, Mike, adjectives, participles have three uses, and we can, if you want to look in your book at page 186, um, 17.6. We have the uses like, uh... adjectives. We have the attributive use. We have the substant title use, and then there is the adverbial use. The attributive use, think about when we talked about adjectives. The attributive use was the one that's basically how we, how adjectives function in English, right? The tall man. You know, in Greek, you know, you can say, ha, agathas, anthropos, the good man. Ha, Agatha, Gune, the good wife, right? Well, with, because participles are verbal adjectives, they have these uses just like the regular adjectives or the noun adjectives do. And so, um, we could say instead of saying, ha, Agathas, Anthropos, the good man, we could say, ha. Left bone. Anthropos. And I know we haven't looked at the forms yet, but this is the, um, masculine, uh, nominative, singular, uh, first person, or the masculine nominative singular, of the, um, bleppo. I see. So, this would be the seeing man. The scene man, very, very woodenly, very literally, literalistically. Now, with participles, what we're gonna notice that we have to do in translation, quite often, is that we're going to have to clean it up a bit. We're going to have to, as we're translating, as we're converting to English, there are going to be a lot of, you know, small little words that we use to be as clear as possible. In English, we like to do that. We like to we like to be as clear as possible, whereas in Greek, a lot of a lot of those little kind of connecting words are often implied. And that was the way they spoke. That was the way they wrote. They knew that they didn't feel the need to be as clear as possible. So, they would understand the seeing man, whereas, you know, in English, or especially in like kind of formal English, we might want to communicate to one of the, like, the man who is seen or the man who sees. we're kind of, you know, the man who is seeing for us is emphasizing that progressive, you know, if we want to translate that progressive verbal aspect, you know, instead of like if we were doing the heiress, we might say the man who sees or the man who saw. But to over translate here, a bit will say the man who is seeing. The man who is seen. And notice, just like we learned with adjectives, when we see that article, that's our cue that this is the attributive use, that it's being used as we would think of an English adjective, the tall man, the running dog. You know, that kind of thing. This is the seeing man, but again, we clean it up, it'll make it sound better. The man who is seeing. But here's what we want to remember. Time is completely relative. Time is based on the context. So, this might be, uh, the man... who was seeing. It might be... the man who will be seeing. That form, that present active participle... could be translated any one of those three, depending on the context. Depending on what's going on. Because the form is not communicating to us present tense time. It's communicating to us progressive, verbal aspect. So the point here is not that the man is seeing right now in the present time, necessarily. The context may tell us that. But the word itself is communicating to us, the man is seen. He's seeing it right now. Makes sense? That's the attributive use. The substance I will use is, again, the same as what we had with the other adjectives. The substantibal use would be... just ha, blood foam. Hob, le bon. Um, it's being used as a substantive. It's being used as a noun. So you can see how we're kind of building on all of the layers that we put so far, right? I mean, like, in this case, this word is an adjective that's got a verbal root that's functioning as an app. Fun stuff, right? So, how would we translate this? Context. Context is definitely gonna help, but just seeing the word on itself, this... I mean, I don't see any query. It's the same as the your your example up above you there. It's the same spelling. It is the same spelling. But it doesn't have... It doesn't have. to it, so it's... Yeah, it's incomplete. We need more. We do, we do. And there will always be more, so let's say it says, Um... Um... Uh, blackbone, piss, du... Tan, curia. Don? You would be the, um... Is it like the seeing one believes in the Lord? Yep. We've got. We've got our participle here that's functioning, substantively. This is the nominative noun. functionally. But it's a participle. Then we have our verb, pestue, and our verb is going to be what informs how we're translating our participle. Um, and then Tom Curion is, that's our accusative, um, uh, direct object, right? So, the seeing one or the one who is seeing, if we do this as as wooden and overtranslating as possible, the one who is seeing is believing in the Lord, and there may be a little, there may end there. There's some of the little kind of connector. And if if we have this, and this will probably be in the. Dative case, but you understand, you guys understand. Hopefully you understand the point that I'm making. It's functioning as a substantive. It's functioning as not, just like the adjectives that we had last year or last week, I'm sorry. Ha, Agathas, Pistue, and Toe Kurio, the good one is believing in the Lord, the good man, the good woman, and the context, the context can, is going to inform us on how, you know, is the, is the passage talking about a specific man, a specific woman? You know, that kind of thing. So that's the substantival use. And let's see, we're just gonna have to end real quick. Talking about the last use. And then we're going to have to come back to it because there's just there's too much here we didn't get to the forms yet. Because the last use is the hardest one. So, these have been the easier ones. The last use is the adverbial use, um, and that is when, um, the participle is in the predicate position here, meaning that it is not, uh, It's not, the article is not in front of the participle. So with these, we've seen articles, right? What if the participle does not have an article? in front of it? And that's the adverbial use and the adverbial use is going to communicate to us a number of things. Let's see. So if we if we take this same sentence, And we get rid of the article, Um, let's say we say, here, let me clean it up for us. Yeah, verbial, um... Left bone. Uh, anthropos. This duet... And... So... Curio, Curio. Bloodbone, ha, anthropos, pestué, and to curio. There's no article here in front of the participle. And so how would we translate this? Someone wanna give it a try? You're gonna have to feed it to me with a baby's spill. I'm gonna be the man who believed... 'cause of his anthropos, that would be man... Yeah. Then Bleppo means seeing, right? The seeing man. So the seeing man. believed in the Lord. Well, but we don't we don't have the article here. That's a good guess. But you have the article on...? An anthropos, right? So if we try just as, like, as woodenly as possible. So seeing... Yeah, go. See the man. Yeah, kind of seeing, comma. See, the man believed in the Lord. Right. That would be a very, very wooden grief. But again, like unless we're trying to be like Yoda or something, we don't, that's not good English, right? Like that's not communicating clearly. So, is it almost, like, per seeing, like, based on seeing? Yeah, well, this is where how we would translate it, then? We would, what we have to do in this instance, is we have to add, um, any number of, uh, kind of like dependent, little dependent or connector words to communicate better. And then this is where it's implied in Greek, but we don't speak that way. We speak more clearly so, maybe this would be while seeing the man is believing in the Lord. Maybe it would be after seeking the man is believing in the Lord. And what a lot of these grammars do when they teach participles initially is if they say, okay, if this is in the present tense, say, translate it wild. If it's in the Eris tense, which we haven't got to yet, translated after. But the truth is, it could be any number of little words, because by, after, while, whatever is going to fit the context best, whatever is going to communicate, what's being communicated, is how we want to translate. And this is why we have different translations, right? This is why the ESV, the NASV, and the NIV, and blah, blah, blah. They all have different little ways that they're translating, because they're trying their best to communicate what they're seeing, you know, in the Greek and the Hebrew. But, um, We, we got a wrap. We're gonna have to come back to all this. So let's think about it like this. And again, I know no one's taking whizzes or exams, right? I understand all that, but if you're like in a motivated all in mindset, at this point, just read through it, you know, watch the lecture. If you want to try the, you know, the, uh, exercises, thank you. can do that. But we're going to come back. In 2 weeks, we'll come back. We'll go through it again. We'll talk about it, because like I said, this really is, as Plummer says, the Mount Everest. Even getting ready to teach this, that's how you guys, I was telling my boys, I was like, this is the hardest one, and I remember going through this. I was like, I feel, you know, kind of, like, self-conscious even about it, because participles are so difficult, but we're doing it together. Now we're just having fun. Let me real quick read the vocab for you. And then, like I said, no class next week, no class on Easter. We'll come back the week after Easter, which would be the 12th? Yes. April 12th Next time on class. But on page 192, 17.10, the vocabulary. Fane Rao, I reveal, make known, manifest, crateo, I grasp, C's, arrest, Ace, Mia, or Hace, Mia, and Hen, they mean one, Duo is two, Trace is three, uh. tesares is four, like, the tesseract. See that? in forenses? Pente, 5, Hepta, 7, Deca, 10, Dodeca, 12, Protas, Prote, Proton, means first, Deuteras, Deutera, Deuteron, means second, like Deuteronomy, the second giving of the law. Tritas, Trité, Tritonne, Third, Tetartas, Tetarté, Tetartin, means Fourth, and May is no or not employed with non indicative verbs. So, ooh, is how we say no or not, but the negative verbs may is how we say no or not with non-indicative verse. including participles. So, all right, cool. You wanna, Bethany, you wanna close this in prayer? Yeah, I'd love to. Dear Heavenly Father, you for today. Thank you for the progress that we've made inside of Greek class and for Alex's energy and willingness to teach us and to continue teaching us through this book. We're thankful for the word and for the Holy Spirit, giving the word and for keeping the word for us for over 2000 years. It really is a miracle when we think about it. And so we ask that you bless our time as we head into service. Um, plus the preaching of the Word, um, by Alex and we're grateful to you. Thank you for being the giver of all things. Thank you for sending your son to die and resurrect. Thank you for saving us and giving us new life. And we pray all of this in Jesus' name. Amen. Amen. Amen.